1,491 research outputs found
Dust Formation By Failed Supernovae
We consider dust formation during the ejection of the hydrogen envelope of a
red supergiant during a failed supernova (SN) creating a black hole. While the
dense, slow moving ejecta are very efficient at forming dust, only the very
last phases of the predicted visual transient will be obscured. The net grain
production consists of ~0.01 solar masses of very large grains (10 to 1000
microns). This means that failed SNe could be the source of the very large
extrasolar dust grains identified by Ulysses, Galileo and radar studies of
meteoroid re-entry trails rather than their coming from an ejection process
associated with protoplanetary or other disks.Comment: submitted to MNRA
Failed Supernovae Explain the Compact Remnant Mass Function
One explanation for the absence of higher mass red supergiants (16.5 Msun < M
< 25Msun) as the progenitors of Type IIP supernovae (SNe) is that they die in
failed SNe creating black holes. Simulations show that such failed SNe still
eject their hydrogen envelopes in a weak transient, leaving a black hole with
the mass of the star's helium core (5-8Msun). Here we show that this naturally
explains the typical masses of observed black holes and the gap between neutron
star and black hole masses without any fine-tuning of the SN mechanism beyond
having it fail in a mass range where many progenitor models have density
structures that make the explosions more likely to fail. There is no difficulty
including this ~20% population of failed SNe in any accounting of SN types over
the progenitor mass function. And, other than patience, there is no
observational barrier to either detecting these black hole formation events or
limiting their rates to be well below this prediction.Comment: Submitted to Ap
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