Prevalence, Distribution, and Impact of Mild Cognitive Impairment in Latin America, China, and India: A 10/66 Population-Based Study

A set of cross-sectional surveys carried out in Cuba, Dominican Republic, Peru, Mexico, Venezuela, Puerto Rico, China, and India reveal the prevalence and between-country variation in mild cognitive impairment at a population level

Normative modelling of brain morphometry across the lifespan with CentileBrain: algorithm benchmarking and model optimisation

The value of normative models in research and clinical practice relies on their robustness and a systematic comparison of different modelling algorithms and parameters; however, this has not been done to date. We aimed to identify the optimal approach for normative modelling of brain morphometric data through systematic empirical benchmarking, by quantifying the accuracy of different algorithms and identifying parameters that optimised model performance. We developed this framework with regional morphometric data from 37 407 healthy individuals (53% female and 47% male; aged 3–90 years) from 87 datasets from Europe, Australia, the USA, South Africa, and east Asia following a comparative evaluation of eight algorithms and multiple covariate combinations pertaining to image acquisition and quality, parcellation software versions, global neuroimaging measures, and longitudinal stability. The multivariate fractional polynomial regression (MFPR) emerged as the preferred algorithm, optimised with non-linear polynomials for age and linear effects of global measures as covariates. The MFPR models showed excellent accuracy across the lifespan and within distinct age-bins and longitudinal stability over a 2-year period. The performance of all MFPR models plateaued at sample sizes exceeding 3000 study participants. This model can inform about the biological and behavioural implications of deviations from typical age-related neuroanatomical changes and support future study designs. The model and scripts described here are freely available through CentileBrain

Sensorimotor, Cognitive, and Affective Functions Contribute to the Prediction of Falls in Old Age and Neurologic Disorders: An Observational Study

Objective: To determine whether impairments across cognitive and affective domains provide additional information to sensorimotor deficits for fall prediction among various populations. Design: We pooled data from 5 studies for this observational analysis of prospective falls. Setting: Community or low-level care facility. Participants: Older people (N=1090; 74.0±9.4y; 579 female); 500 neurologically intact (NI) older people and 3 groups with neurologic disorders (cognitive impairment, n=174; multiple sclerosis (MS), n=111; Parkinson disease, n=305). Interventions: None. Main Outcome Measures: Sensorimotor function was assessed with the Physiological Profile Assessment, cognitive function with tests of executive function, affect with questionnaires of depression, and concern about falling with falls efficacy questionnaires. These variables were associated with fall incidence rates, obtained prospectively over 6-12 months. Results: Poorer sensorimotor function was associated with falls (incidence rate ratio [95% CI], 1.46 [1.28-1.66]). Impaired executive function was the strongest predictor of falls overall (2.91 [2.27-3.73]), followed by depressive symptoms (2.07 [1.56-2.75]) and concern about falling (2.02 [1.61-2.55]). Associations were similar among groups, except for a weaker relationship with executive impairment in NI persons and a stronger relationship with concern about falling in persons with MS. Multivariable analyses showed that executive impairment, poorer sensorimotor performance, depressive symptoms, and concern about falling were independently associated with falls. Conclusions: Deficits in cognition (executive function) and affect (depressive symptoms) and concern about falling are as important as sensorimotor function for fall prediction. These domains should be included in fall risk assessments for older people and clinical groups

Mary Parker Follett : change in the paradigm of integration

The work of Mary Parker Follett, an intellectual pioneer of the early twentieth century, resists categorization or assignment to any one category or field of study. A political and management theorist, Follett proposed a renewed vision of participative democracy as she anticipated the future practice of conflict mediation and of management as a profession.Follett’s work, rooted in her integrative philosophy of addressing conflict and problems, is particularly and perennially relevant to managing change. The following chapter first presents the profound influences of Follett’s academic, personal, and professional experiences in shaping her perspectives. We then delve into what we view as Follett’s most important, enduring contributions to management study and practice – integration and circular response – as a paradigm for managing change. We highlight different contexts in which Follett has translated her integrative philosophy into practical concepts, such as power-with management, the law of the situation, the invisible leader and the common purpose, and circular behavior as the basis of integration. We will conclude this collective reflection by illustrating how Follett’s legacy is unfinished; her ideas endure and are relevant even today in governing our period of complexity and interdependent challenges. Follett still shows the way