Trade-offs in Static and Dynamic Evaluation of Hierarchical Queries

We investigate trade-offs in static and dynamic evaluation of hierarchical queries with arbitrary free variables. In the static setting, the trade-off is between the time to partially compute the query result and the delay needed to enumerate its tuples. In the dynamic setting, we additionally consider the time needed to update the query result in the presence of single-tuple inserts and deletes to the input database. Our approach observes the degree of values in the database and uses different computation and maintenance strategies for high-degree and low-degree values. For the latter it partially computes the result, while for the former it computes enough information to allow for on-the-fly enumeration. The main result of this work defines the preprocessing time, the update time, and the enumeration delay as functions of the light/heavy threshold and of the factorization width of the hierarchical query. By conveniently choosing this threshold, our approach can recover a number of prior results when restricted to hierarchical queries. For a restricted class of hierarchical queries, our approach can achieve worst-case optimal update time and enumeration delay conditioned on the Online Matrix-Vector Multiplication Conjecture.Comment: Technical Report; 52 pages. The updated version contains: new diagrams and plots summarizing known results and putting the results of the paper into context; introduction of delta_i-hieararchical queries, for any non-negative integer i; optimality results for delta_0- and delta_1-hieararchical querie

Wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet : a review of current concepts

BACKGROUND : Wide awake local anaesthesia no tourniquet (WALANT) is a local anaesthetic technique that employs lignocaine combined with adrenaline to maintain a pain-free and bloodless field during surgery on an awake patient, without the use of a tourniquet. METHODS : This article is a narrative review of the literature on the use of this mode of anaesthesia in orthopaedic and hand surgery. RESULTS : The review summarises the existing research pertaining to WALANT. It discusses the anaesthetic solution constituents, administration technique and applications of WALANT, highlighting the safety profile and benefits to patients and healthcare systems alike. CONCLUSION : The WALANT technique is safe, economical, and acceptable to patients. It should form part of the orthopaedic surgeon’s armamentarium. Future research should investigate the benefits of intraoperative functional assessment of the awake patient.http://journal.saoa.org.zadm2022Orthopaedic Surger

Development of a ³He magnetometer for a neutron electric dipole moment experiment

We have developed a highly sensitive 3He magnetometer for the accurate measurement of the magnetic field in an experiment searching for an electric dipole moment of the neutron. By measuring the Larmor frequency of nuclear spin polarized 3He atoms a sensitivity on the femto-Tesla scale can be achieved. A 3He/Cs-test facility was established at the Institute of Physics of the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz to investigate the readout of 3He free induction decay with a lamp-pumped Cs magnetometer. For this we designed and built an ultra-compact and transportable polarizer unit which polarizes 3He gas up to 55% by metastability exchange optical pumping. The polarized 3He was successfully transfered from the polarizer into a glass cell mounted in a magnetic shield and the 3He free induction decay was detected by a lamp-pumped Cs magnetometer.PACS numbers07.55.Ge Magnetometers for magnetic field measurements; 13.40 Electric and magnetic moments; 14.20 Protons and neutrons

Study of ³He Rabi nutations by optically-pumped cesium magnetometers

We describe a method for recording the Rabi nutation of nuclear spin polarized ³He by optically pumped cesium magnetometers. The measurement is performed by detecting the time-dependent magnetic field produced by the 3He magnetization. The observed signals are compared to theoretical models and the results are used to precisely trace the evolution of the magnetization. This procedure represents a convenient way to control and measure the Rabi flip angle and the degree of spin polarization in experiments using 3He magnetometers. The method requires only very coarse knowledge of the applied magnetic field’s magnitude

Design and performance of an absolute 3He/Cs magnetometer

We report on the design and performance of a highly sensitive combined ³He/Cs magnetometer for the absolute measurement of magnetic fields. The magnetometer relies on the magnetometric detection of the free spin precession of nuclear spin polarized ³He gas by optically pumped cesium magnetometers. We plan to deploy this type of combined magnetometer in an experiment searching for a permanent electric dipole moment of ultracold neutrons at the Paul-Scherrer Institute (Switzerland). A prototype magnetometer was built at the University of Fribourg (Switzerland) and tested at Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (Berlin, Germany). We demonstrate that the combined magnetometer allows Cramér-Rao-limited field determinations with recording times in the range of, measurements above being limited by the stability of the applied magnetic field. With a recording time we were able to perform an absolute measurement of a magnetic field of ≈ with a standard uncertainty of, corresponding to ΔB/B < 6 ×10⁻⁸

Investigation of the intrinsic sensitivity of a ³He/Cs magnetometer

We report on extensive studies on the intrinsic sensitivity of a combined ³He/Cs magnetometer. The magnetometer relies on the detection of the free spin precession of nuclear spin polarized ³He by optically pumped cesium magnetometers. We characterize the relevant processes involved in the detection and quantify their impact on the total sensitivity of the magnetometer. An expression is derived that predicts the sensitivity of this magnetometer scheme and the results are compared to experiments. Excellent agreement is found between theory and experiments, and implications for an application of a ³He/Cs magnetometer in an experiment searching for a permanent neutron electric dipole moment are discussed

Validation of the Exoplanet Kepler-21b using PAVO/CHARA Long-Baseline Interferometry

We present long-baseline interferometry of the Kepler exoplanet host star HD179070 (Kepler-21) using the PAVO beam combiner at the CHARA Array. The visibility data are consistent with a single star and exclude stellar companions at separations ~1-1000 mas (~ 0.1-113 AU) and contrasts < 3.5 magnitudes. This result supports the validation of the 1.6 R_{earth} exoplanet Kepler-21b by Howell et al. (2012) and complements the constraints set by adaptive optics imaging, speckle interferometry, and radial velocity observations to rule out false-positives due to stellar companions. We conclude that long-baseline interferometry has strong potential to validate transiting extrasolar planets, particularly for future projects aimed at brighter stars and for host stars where radial velocity follow-up is not available.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS Letters; v2: minor changes added in proo

Non-volatile epsilon-near-zero readout memory

[EN] The lack of memory effect of silicon makes it unfeasible to store electronic data in photonics. Here we propose a nonvolatile readout photonic memory, which is electronically written/erased and optically read. The memory utilizes indium tin oxide as a floating gate and exploits its epsilon-near-zero regime and electro-optic activity. Extinction ratios greater than 10 dB in a bandwidth of 100 nm for a 5 mu m long memory are obtained. Furthermore, power consumption in the order of microwatts with retention times of about a decade have been predicted. The proposed structure opens a pathway for developing highly integrated electro-optic devices such as memory banks. (C) 2019 Optical Society of America.The authors thank Alba Vicente for her valuable comments. Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (TEC2016-76849, TEC2017-92037-EXP); Ministerio de Educacion, Cultura y Deporte (MECD) (FPU17/04224); Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (UPV) (FPI-Irene Olivares).Parra Gómez, J.; Olivares-Sánchez-Mellado, I.; Brimont, ACJ.; Sanchis Kilders, P. (2019). Non-volatile epsilon-near-zero readout memory. Optics Letters. 44(16):3932-3935. https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.44.003932S393239354416Soref, R. (2006). The Past, Present, and Future of Silicon Photonics. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Quantum Electronics, 12(6), 1678-1687. doi:10.1109/jstqe.2006.883151Barrios, C. A., & Lipson, M. (2006). Silicon photonic read-only memory. Journal of Lightwave Technology, 24(7), 2898-2905. doi:10.1109/jlt.2006.875964Song, J.-F., Lim, A. E.-J., Luo, X.-S., Fang, Q., Li, C., Jia, L. X., … Lo, G.-Q. (2016). Silicon photonic integrated circuits with electrically programmable non-volatile memory functions. 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Optics Letters, 34(6), 839. doi:10.1364/ol.34.00083

Nanoinformatics: developing new computing applications for nanomedicine

Nanoinformatics has recently emerged to address the need of computing applications at the nano level. In this regard, the authors have participated in various initiatives to identify its concepts, foundations and challenges. While nanomaterials open up the possibility for developing new devices in many industrial and scientific areas, they also offer breakthrough perspectives for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of diseases. In this paper, we analyze the different aspects of nanoinformatics and suggest five research topics to help catalyze new research and development in the area, particularly focused on nanomedicine. We also encompass the use of informatics to further the biological and clinical applications of basic research in nanoscience and nanotechnology, and the related concept of an extended ?nanotype? to coalesce information related to nanoparticles. We suggest how nanoinformatics could accelerate developments in nanomedicine, similarly to what happened with the Human Genome and other -omics projects, on issues like exchanging modeling and simulation methods and tools, linking toxicity information to clinical and personal databases or developing new approaches for scientific ontologies, among many others

Association of Interprofessional Discharge Planning Using an Electronic Health Record Tool With Hospital Length of Stay Among Patients with Multimorbidity: A Nonrandomized Controlled Trial

Whether interprofessional collaboration is effective and safe in decreasing hospital length of stay remains controversial.; To evaluate the outcomes and safety associated with an electronic interprofessional-led discharge planning tool vs standard discharge planning to safely reduce length of stay among medical inpatients with multimorbidity.; This multicenter prospective nonrandomized controlled trial used interrupted time series analysis to examine medical acute hospitalizations at 82 hospitals in Switzerland. It was conducted from February 2017 through January 2019. Data analysis was conducted from March 2021 to July 2022.; After a 12-month preintervention phase (February 2017 through January 2018), an electronic interprofessional-led discharge planning tool was implemented in February 2018 in 7 intervention hospitals in addition to standard discharge planning.; Mixed-effects segmented regression analyses were used to compare monthly changes in trends of length of stay, hospital readmission, in-hospital mortality, and facility discharge after the implementation of the tool with changes in trends among control hospitals.; There were 54 695 hospitalizations at intervention hospitals, with 27 219 in the preintervention period (median [IQR] age, 72 [59-82] years; 14 400 [52.9%] men) and 27 476 in the intervention phase (median [IQR] age, 72 [59-82] years; 14 448 [52.6%] men) and 438 791 at control hospitals, with 216 261 in the preintervention period (median [IQR] age, 74 [60-83] years; 109 770 [50.8%] men) and 222 530 in the intervention phase (median [IQR] age, 74 [60-83] years; 113 053 [50.8%] men). The mean (SD) length of stay in the preintervention phase was 7.6 (7.1) days for intervention hospitals and 7.5 (7.4) days for control hospitals. During the preintervention phase, population-averaged length of stay decreased by -0.344 hr/mo (95% CI, -0.599 to -0.090 hr/mo) in control hospitals; however, no change in trend was observed among intervention hospitals (-0.034 hr/mo; 95% CI, -0.646 to 0.714 hr/mo; difference in slopes, P = .09). Over the intervention phase (February 2018 through January 2019), length of stay remained unchanged in control hospitals (slope, -0.011 hr/mo; 95% CI, -0.281 to 0.260 hr/mo; change in slope, P = .03), but decreased steadily among intervention hospitals by -0.879 hr/mo (95% CI, -1.607 to -0.150 hr/mo; change in slope, P = .04, difference in slopes, P = .03). Safety analyses showed no change in trends of hospital readmission, in-hospital mortality, or facility discharge over the whole study time.; In this nonrandomized controlled trial, the implementation of an electronic interprofessional-led discharge planning tool was associated with a decline in length of stay without an increase in hospital readmission, in-hospital mortality, or facility discharge.; isrctn.org Identifier: ISRCTN83274049