Osborn Waves: History and Significance

The Osborn wave is a deflection with a dome or hump configuration occurring at the R-ST junction (J point) on the ECG (Fig. 1). In the historical view, different names have been used for this wave in the medical literature, such as “camel-hump sign”, “late delta wave”, “hathook junction”, “hypothermic wave”, “J point wave”, “K wave”, “H wave” and “current of injury”.1 Although there is no definite consensus about terminology of this wave, either “Osborn wave” or “J wave” are the most commonly used names for this wave in the current clinical and experimental cardiology. The Osborn wave can be generally observed in hypothermic patients,1,2,3,4 however, other conditions have been reported to cause Osborn waves, such as hypercalcemia,5 brain injury,6 subarachnoid hemorrhage,7 cardiopulmonary arrest from oversedation,8 vasospastic angina,9 or idiopathic ventricular fibrillation.10,11,12 Our knowledge about the link between the Osborn waves and cardiac arrhythmias remains sparse and the arrhythmogenic potential of the Osborn waves is not fully understood. In this paper, we present a historic review of Osborn waves and discuss their clinical significance in the various clinical settings

日本のヲコト点の起源と古代韓国語の点吐との関係

日本のヲコト点の起源については、今まで一元論に立って、九世紀初(平安時代初期)に南都(奈良)僧によって、片仮名と共に、創案されたと説かれて来た。しかし、韓国において角筆による点吐が発見されてその解読が進み、併せて日本所在の新羅経典の点吐資料の再発見も加わったことにより、日本の使用初期のヲコト点が、古代韓国語の点吐と類似性を示していることが分った。そこで、既発表に新しい材料を加えて、その影響関係を考えると共に、それに基づいて、日本のヲコト点が展開する過程を探ってみる

日本における角筆文献研究の現状と課題

平成18年度国際学術シンポジウム「Stylus(尖筆・角筆)文献のみちびく世界--- 研究の現状と課題」 : International Symposium 2006 "The Present Conditions and Tasks for the Future in the Study of Stylus Writing" (会場:広島大学中央図書館ライブラリーホール

Double viral vector technology for selective manipulation of neural pathways with higher level of efficiency and safety

Pathway-selective gene delivery would be critical for future gene therapy against neuropsychiatric disorders, traumatic neuronal injuries, or neurodegenerative diseases, because the impaired functions depend on neural circuits affected by the insults. Pathway-selective gene delivery can be achieved by double viral vector techniques, which combine an injection of a retrograde transport viral vector into the projection area of the target neurons and that of an anterograde viral vector into their somas. In this study, we tested the efficiency of gene delivery with different combinations of viral vectors to the pathway extending from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) to the cortical motor regions in rats, considered to be critical in the promotion of motor recovery from neural injuries. It was found that retrograde recombinant adeno-associated virus 2-retro (rAAV2reto) combined with anterograde AAVDJ (type2/type4/type5/type8/type9/avian/bovine/caprine chimera) exhibited the highest transduction efficiency in the short term (3-6 weeks) but high toxicity in the long term (3 months). In contrast, the same rAAV2reto combined with anterograde AAV5 displayed moderate transduction efficiency in the short term but low toxicity in the long term. These data suggest that the combination of anterograde AAV5 and retrograde rAAV2retro is suitable for safe and efficient gene delivery to the VTA-cortical pathway

A Proactive Approach of Robotic Framework for Making Eye Contact with Humans

Making eye contact is a most important prerequisite function of humans to initiate a conversation with others. However, it is not an easy task for a robot to make eye contact with a human if they are not facing each other initially or the human is intensely engaged his/her task. If the robot would like to start communication with a particular person, it should turn its gaze to that person and make eye contact with him/her. However, such a turning action alone is not enough to set up an eye contact phenomenon in all cases. Therefore, the robot should perform some stronger actions in some situations so that it can attract the target person before meeting his/her gaze. In this paper, we proposed a conceptual model of eye contact for social robots consisting of two phases: capturing attention and ensuring the attention capture. Evaluation experiments with human participants reveal the effectiveness of the proposed model in four viewing situations, namely, central field of view, near peripheral field of view, far peripheral field of view, and out of field of view

Extensive Preferential Pathway Ablation for the Elimination of Premature Ventricular Contractions Arising from the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract

AbstractA 76 y/o women presented with 2 different types of premature ventricular contractions (VPCs 1 and 2) arising from the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). Catheter ablation (CA) eliminated PVC1 at the earliest activation site (EAS), but thereafter another PVC morphology (PVC3) appeared. Small potentials preceding the local potential were broadly exhibited from the RVOT’s supero-anterior region to the EAS during PVC3. Point CA targeting such prepotentials failed. Transverse-linear CA with a line connecting sites with such pre-potentials eliminated both PVCs 3 and 2. In cases with broadly spreading preferential pathways, extensive CA might be needed to eliminate the PVCs

HNF-1β過剰発現を呈する卵巣明細胞癌においてGSK-3βは新たなシグナル伝達経路を介在する

Deubiquitinase USP28 is a target gene of the transcription factor HNF1 homeobox β (HNF-1β), which promotes the survival of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC) cell lines. However, the pharmacological inhibition of HNF-1β can cause several adverse effects as it is abundantly expressed in numerous organ systems, including the kidney, liver, pancreas and digestive tract. Therefore, small interfering RNA (siRNA) screening was performed in the current study to identify other potential downstream targets of the HNF-1β-mediated pathway. The results revealed that glycogen synthase kinase-3β (GSK-3β) may be a potential downstream target affecting cell viability. To further clarify the effects of GSK-3β, two human OCCC cell lines, TOV-21G (HNF-1β overexpressing line) and ES2 (HNF-1β negative) were transfected with siRNA targeting GSK-3β or control vectors. Loss-of-function studies using RNAi-mediated gene silencing indicated that HNF-1β facilitated GSK-3β expression, resulting in the loss of phosphorylated nuclear factor-κB (p-NFκB) and the reduction of TOV-21G cell proliferation. The cell proliferation assay also revealed that GSK-3β inhibitors rescued the effects of HNF-1β silencing on cell viability in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, the GSK-3β inhibitor, AR-A014418, effectively inhibited tumor cell proliferation in a xenograft mouse model. In conclusion and to the best of our knowledge, the current study was the first to determine that GSK-3β is a target gene of HNF-1β. In addition, the results of the present study revealed the novel HNF-1β-GSK-3β-p-NFκB pathway, occurring in response to DNA damage. Targeting this pathway may therefore represent a putative, novel, anticancer strategy in patients with OCCC.博士（医学）・甲第785号・令和3年3月15日Copyright: © Kawaharaet al. This is an open access article distributed under theterms of CreativeCommons Attribution License(https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)