硝酸及び硫酸からのエアロゾル粒子生成及び変質に関する実験的研究

取得学位：博士(工学)，学位授与番号：博甲第656号，学位授与年月日：平成16年3月25日,学位授与年：200

A Report on Overseas Teaching Practicum by Graduate Students in Elementary/Secondary Schools in the United States (Ⅶ)

The present reports is on the 7th overseas teaching practicum in the United States by 15 graduate students of Hiroshima University, Japan, partly organized by Hiroshima University Global Partnership School Center since 2007. The group was comprised of 13 elementary school and 2 secondary school education major graduate students. They planned and conducted lessons in English in three local public schools in North Carolina. The expected outcomes of this project were: 1) to self-develop practical instructional competence by teaching pupils with diverse backgrounds in the U.S.; 2) to enhance the abilities in developing teaching materials through hands-on teaching experiences in English; and 3) to acquire the abilities to design, implement and evaluate programs for promoting global partnership. In addition, the teaching experience was followed by cross-cultural study visits to Raleigh, NC and Washington, D.C. It helped to boost our group motivation that the local media, newspaper and TV, and the city Board of Education covered our visit. It is hoped that this project will enhance the students’ teaching competence in designing quality materials/lessons and classroom communication skills in English

Failure to confirm a sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor‐induced hematopoietic effect in non‐diabetic rats with renal anemia

Aims/Introduction: Clinical studies have shown that treatment with inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) significantly increases the hematocrit in patients with type 2 diabetes. To investigate whether SGLT2 inhibitors directly promote erythropoietin production independently on blood glucose reduction, the hematopoietic effect of the specific SGLT2 inhibitor, luseogliflozin, was examined in non‐diabetic rats with renal anemia. Materials and Methods: Renal anemia was induced by treatment with adenine (200 or 600 mg/kg/day, orally for 10 days) in non‐diabetic Wistar–Kyoto or Wistar rats, respectively. Luseogliflozin (10 mg/kg bodyweight) or vehicle (0.5% carboxymethyl cellulose) was then administered for 6 weeks. The hematocrit and the hemoglobin (Hb), blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine, and plasma erythropoietin levels were monitored. Results: Treatment with adenine decreased the hematocrit and the Hb level, which were associated with increases in the blood urea nitrogen and plasma creatinine levels. In Wistar–Kyoto rats treated with 200 mg/kg/day adenine, administration of luseogliflozin induced glycosuria, but did not change the blood urea nitrogen, plasma creatinine levels, hematocrit, Hb or plasma erythropoietin levels. Similarly, luseogliflozin treatment failed to change the hematocrit or the Hb levels in Wistar rats with renal anemia induced by 600 mg/kg/day of adenine. Plasma erythropoietin concentrations were also not different between luseogliflozin‐ and vehicle‐treated rats. Similarly, in human erythropoietin‐producing cells derived from pluripotent stem cells, luseogliflozin treatment did not change the erythropoietin level in the medium. Conclusions: These data suggest that SGLT2 inhibitor fails to exert hematopoietic effects in non‐diabetic conditions

Effect of a SGLT2 inhibitor on the systemic and intrarenal renin–angiotensin system in subtotally nephrectomized rats

We aimed to examine the effects of a sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor on systemic and intrarenal renin–angiotensin system (RAS) in subtotally nephrectomized non-diabetic rats, a model of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Oral administration of the selective SGLT2 inhibitor, TA-1887 (10 mg/kg/day), for 10 weeks induced glycosuria. However, plasma renin activity, plasma angiotensinogen levels, kidney angiotensin II contents and renal injury were not significantly affected by TA-1887. These data indicate that chronic treatment with an SGLT2 inhibitor does not activate the systemic and intrarenal RAS in subjects with non-diabetic CKD. Keywords: SGLT2 inhibitor, Renin–angiotensin system (RAS), Chronic kidney disease (CKD

Calcium Channel Blocker Enhances Beneficial Effects of an Angiotensin II AT₁ Receptor Blocker against Cerebrovascular-Renal Injury in type 2 Diabetic Mice

<div><p>Recent clinical trials have demonstrated that combination therapy with renin-angiotensin system inhibitors plus calcium channel blockers (CCBs) elicits beneficial effects on cardiovascular and renal events in hypertensive patients with high cardiovascular risks. In the present study, we hypothesized that CCB enhances the protective effects of an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker (ARB) against diabetic cerebrovascular-renal injury. Saline-drinking type 2 diabetic KK-A^y mice developed hypertension and exhibited impaired cognitive function, blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, albuminuria, glomerular sclerosis and podocyte injury. These brain and renal injuries were associated with increased gene expression of NADPH oxidase components, NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in brain and kidney tissues as well as systemic oxidative stress. Treatment with the ARB, olmesartan (10 mg/kg/day) reduced blood pressure in saline-drinking KK-A^y mice and attenuated cognitive decline, BBB disruption, glomerular injury and albuminuria, which were associated with a reduction of NADPH oxidase activity and oxidative stress in brain and kidney tissues as well as systemic oxidative stress. Furthermore, a suppressive dose of azelnidipine (3 mg/kg/day) exaggerated these beneficial effects of olmesartan. These data support the hypothesis that a CCB enhances ARB-associated cerebrovascular-renal protective effects through suppression of NADPH oxidase-dependent oxidative stress in type 2 diabetes.</p> </div