Ascites in Advanced Ovarian Cancer

The presence of ascites is one of the general ovarian cancer (OC) symptoms detected at initial diagnosis and can be present at an early stage but is most often seen in advanced disease. In newly diagnosed OC patients, ascites is treated by the standard treatment for the underlying disease. However, once the chemoresistant and recurrent features of the disease develop, management of a large volume of ascites can be a major problem. By increasing abdominal pressure, ascites can cause severe symptoms; thus, palliation of symptomatic patients is the main goal. The elimination of fluid accumulation in OC patients with these symptoms will certainly improve their quality of life and may even prolong survival. Unfortunately, no standard treatment for OC-associated ascites exists. There are several traditional therapies for ascites, with limited effectiveness and significant adverse effects. Catumaxomab is the only medicine approved for intraperitoneal treatment of malignant ascites in patients with EpCAM-positive carcinomas. Advances in our understanding of malignant ascites aetiology and more effective treatment strategies for ascites and OC will help reduce the symptoms associated with ascites

Acute Chlamydial Urethritis/Cervicitis

Mukopurulentni cervicitis i negonokokni uretritis najčešće su kliničke manifestacije spolno prenosive infekcije Chlamydiom trachomatis u populaciji adolescenata, mladih žena do 25 godina i muškaraca do 35 godina u razvijenim zemljama. Prevalencija u velikoj mjeri ovisi o prisutnim faktorima rizika i specifičnosti socijalne sredine. Dob je najvažniji prediktor, kod kojeg treba, kod kliničke slike mukopurulentnog cervicitisa, obavezno tražiti spolno prenosivog uzročnika. Izbor testa za detekciju klamidijske infekcije ovisi o njegovoj dostupnosti, iskustvu u interpretiranju, kao i prevalenciji klamidijske infekcije u istraživanoj populaciji. Efikasno liječenje danas je jednokratna doza 1 g azitromicina. Prikazujemo i preporuke za retestiranje. Liječenjem nekomplicirane klamidijske infekcije smanjuju se komplikacije perzistentne infekcije, osobito izvanmaternična trudnoća i neplodnost, kao i potencijalne komplikacije u trudnoći i kod novorođenčeta.Mucopurulent cervicitis and nongonococcal urethritis are most common sexually transmitted diseases in developed countries caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and affecting adolescents, women under 25 and men under 35 years of age. Prevalence of the infection depends on the presence of risk factors and specificities of social environment. Age seems to be the most important predictor, and when clinical or laboratory signs of mucopurulent cervicitis are present, subjects should be tested for causative agents. The selection of a diagnostic test for detection of chlamydial genital infection depends on availability, local expertise, and prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis in the tested population. Today, a single oral dose of 1 g azithromycin is the preferred treatment. The recommendations for retesting are presented. Treatment of uncomplicated chlamydial infection aims at the diminution of persistent form with complications on reproductive health, like ectopic pregnancy and tubal infertility, as well as potential complications in pregnancy and in a newborn child