Selected aspects of using terrestrial laser scanning technology as the source of additional data for building information modeling

Building Information Modeling is the concept of a digital presentation of the physical and functional properties of an object. This paper presents proposal of use of terrestrial laser scanning technology to complement and verify created three-dimensional models of objects. The issue of the article focuses on the technical aspects of data collection from terrestrial laser scanning and its use in the information system of the building. During the field work authors carried out an experimental measurements of office space by phase laser scanner Z+F Imager 5006h. These data were treated as experimental material to test common methods of calculating the transformation parameters of three-dimensional systems, which are used in the calibration of individual scans and fitting them into the given coordinate system. This step is have a significant effect on the accuracy of the spatial model. The measurement experiment confirmed the need for calibration point clouds based on the largest possible number of tie and enabled to propose an inventory technology of long and slender buildings. It uses the connection between terrestrial laser scanning and conventional tacheometric measurements. This solution will reduce errors transferred to another position in the construction of the traverse. The article also deals with problems related to inventory of architectural and construction aspects of buildings and vectorization integrated point cloud in order to develop plans for the buildings or the measurement of specific surface areas. Creation of the models, on the basis of spatial point cloud built from the line of discontinuity is difficult due to: the impact of calibration errors, causing the displacement between cans and blur single scan points belonging to the same surface. Based on the performed studies it was found that the most important advantage of terrestrial laser scanning is possibility to collect in a short time a large number of points representing the actual state of the object, not the design intent. Using laser scanning we can significantly reduce the time spent directly at site, and perform measurement in dark areas. This technology also has a particular application for creating BIM for the modern buildings with complex geometric form, for which the accuracy and timeliness of the created model can be crucial for cost, speed and ease of execution of individual works. In this paper authors will attempt to assess the effectiveness of the application of the presented technology for building information modeling

The Attempt to Use Levelling Rods for Testing Metric Properties of Surveying Instruments, Which are Used for Reflectorless Distance Measurements

This paper presents results of two experimental cycles of measurements performed with the use of the terrestrial laser scanner Z+F IMAGER 5006h and the reflectorless tacheometer Leica TPS 1202. These tests aimed at determination of metric properties of surveying instruments, which are used for reflectorless distance measurements and which are often applied to project the geometry of objects. In the course of research works issues influencing the reflection of a laser beam by the measured surface, as well as their influence on the data quality. In order to analyse metric properties of applied instruments, levelling rods were used as test fields of geometrically specified division. It was stated basing on the performed analyses, that the influence of the incidental angle of a laser beam on the accuracy of reflectorless measurements is included within the limits of the error of distance measurements of a given instrument. However, the uniform trend of increasing differences between measured values and the nominal value may be noticed, together with the increase of the incidental angle of the axis of collimation on the measured surface of the test field

The attempt to use levelling rods for testing metric properties of surveying instruments, which are used for reflectorless distance measurements

This paper presents results of two experimental cycles of measurements performed with the use of the terrestrial laser scanner Z+F IMAGER 5006h and the reflectorless tacheometer Leica TPS 1202. These tests aimed at determination of metric properties of surveying instruments, which are used for reflectorless distance measurements and which are often applied to project the geometry of objects. In the course of research works issues influencing the reflection of a laser beam by the measured surface, as well as their influence on the data quality. In order to analyse metric properties of applied instruments, levelling rods were used as test fields of geometrically specified division. It was stated basing on the performed analyses, that the influence of the incidental angle of a laser beam on the accuracy of reflectorless measurements is included within the limits of the error of distance measurements of a given instrument. However, the uniform trend of increasing differences between measured values and the nominal value may be noticed, together with the increase of the incidental angle of the axis of collimation on the measured surface of the test field

Studies on chemical composition of cuttlefish (Sepia sp.) meat as related to its nutritive value

The chemical composition of edible cuttlefish flesh, distinguishing it into the mantle and arms together with part of head was examined. Comparison between the chemical composition of cuttlefish flesh and that of squid, originating from the same fishing ground and catching period was carried out also

Effects of X-rays on seed germination and growth of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings of different provenience

The effect of ionizing radiation on germination of seed and growth of seedlings of Scots pine was investigated. Higher radioresistance of seed originating from the highland region was established. No difference was found in the investigated seed samples in the content of cysteine and content and composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction. Differences in compounds contained in the chloroform-soluble fraction and in the rate of phosphorus uptake were found in young seedlings of different provenience. They possibly are related to the difference in the ability of seedlings to regenerate the postirradiation damage

Effects of X-rays on seed germination and growth of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.) seedlings of different provenience

The effect of ionizing radiation on germination of seed and growth of seedlings of Scots pine was investigated. Higher radioresistance of seed originating from the highland region was established. No difference was found in the investigated seed samples in the content of cysteine and content and composition of the chloroform-soluble fraction. Differences in compounds contained in the chloroform-soluble fraction and in the rate of phosphorus uptake were found in young seedlings of different provenience. They possibly are related to the difference in the ability of seedlings to regenerate the postirradiation damage

Changes in quality of bream (Abramis brama L.) during storage in ice

Bream from the spring catch was subjected to sensory, microbiological and chemical analysis after various time of cold storage in ice. Results of analyses proved bream′s quality to decrease at a slow rate during the first week of storage and at a high rate in the second one. Yet quality changes noted for fish tissue were about 3 times slower than for the whole fish. On the basis of the obtained results the shelf life of spring bream under cold storage in ice was 10 ±1 days, at a maximum

Kompozyty ciekłokrystaliczne do punktowych pomiarów temperatury

The application of cholesteric liquid crystals and composites containing them for visualization of thermal field and temperature measurement is very well known. Despite all disadvantages as limited precision and adhesion to the studied surface, this method is still of interest. In this work, we present the results of preliminary studies on polymer-dispersed cholesteric liquid crystal (PDCLC) composites designed for visualization and measurement of point temperature changes which can be used in medical diagnostics. Basing on the results of former studies, the perspective PDCLC preparation method as well as high-performance liquid-crystalline chiral nematics were obtained and applied. The microencapsulation in poly(vinyl, alcohol) has been chosen as the method of PDCLC preparation while as liquid-crystalline materials the chiral nematics were adopted.Zastosowanie cholesterycznych ciekłych kryształów i kompozytów je zawierających do wizualizacji pól cieplnych i pomiaru temperatury jest dobrze znane. Niezależnie od niedogodności, jakimi są ograniczona precyzja i adhezja do badanego podłoża, metoda ta jest ciągle interesująca. Niniejsza praca przedstawia wyniki wstępnych badań nad kompozytami typu PDCLC, zawierającymi cholesteryczne ciekłe kryształy, a przeznaczonymi do wizualizacji i pomiaru punktowych zmian temperatury, co może znaleźć zastosowanie w diagnostyce medycznej. W oparciu o wyniki poprzednich badań wytypowano i zastosowano perspektywiczną metodę otrzymywania kompozytów oraz nowe materiały ciekłokrystaliczne. Wykorzystano dyspergowanie w wodnym roztworze poli(alkoholu winylowego) ciekłokrystalicznych nematyków chiralnych

Effect of cold storage time of roach (Rutilus rutilus L.) on microbiological, chemical and sensoric indices of fish quality

Changes in roach quality under cold storage in ice were judged with various microbiological, chemical, and sensory indices. A visible drop of fish quality was noted between 3rd and 6th day of cold storage at 2°C. Among the indices applied the total count of H2S producers and volatile ammonium bases content were assumed to be best correlated with the sensory assessment and, as such, most useful for the quality assessment of the roach under cold