Does intra-articular fracture change the lubricant content of synovial fluid?

WOS: 000356059100001PubMed ID: 26037740Background: Lubrication function is impaired and the lubricant content of synovial fluid (SF) changes immediately after plateau tibia fractures. Here, we aimed to analyze the lubricant content of SF at chronic term following plateau tibia fracture. Methods: Forty-eight surgically treated patients without joint incongruency (<2 mm displacement) were included in the study. Joint aspiration had been possible in 16 of the participants. However, sampling could be made from healthy knees in only ten of these patients. Twenty-six SF samples (16 injured knees, 10 healthy knees) were analyzed for concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA), proteoglycan-4 (PRG4), TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6. Results: The group of experimental samples were obtained at a mean of 31 (12-66) months after injury from patients with a mean age of 45.1 (32-57) years. There were no relationships detected between biochemical analysis results and patient ages, sexes, postoperative time, and fracture type. After excluding six patients for whom we could not sample from their healthy knee, ten patients' values were compared with paired Wilcoxon signed rank test and no significant differences detected between the healthy and injured knee in terms of the SF concentrations of HA and PRG4 (p = 0.225 and 0.893, respectively). Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in SF sample concentrations of TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-6 between healthy and injured knees. Conclusions: Despite acute changes, the long-term concentrations of HA and PRG4 were similar after plateau tibial fracture. We could not detect any concentration level differences between healthy knees and injured knees regarding HA and PRG4 in the long-term follow-up

Therapeutic effects of metformin for noise induced hearing loss

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the healing effect of metformin on noise induced hearing loss (NIHL) by measuring audiological, biochemical and histological parameters.Materials and methods: 32 rats were divided into four groups (Group 1: Noise, Group 2: Noise + Metformin, Grup 3: Metformin, Grup 4: Control). Broadband noise was applied to Group 1 and Group 2 after basal measurements. Measuring audiological (distortion product otoacoustic emission (DPOAE) and Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR)), biochemical (total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidant status (TOS), oxidative status index (OSI), DNA damage, IL-1 beta, IL-6, TNF alfa, HSF-1 and COX-2) and histological parameters.Results: Group 2 had significant decreases in ABR thresholds on day 7 and day 14 compared to day 1. DPOAE values of Group 2 on the 7th and 14th days were significantly higher than the post-noise levels. DNA damage, TOS and OSI values of Group 1 were significantly higher than the other groups. The Cox-2 value of Group 1 was higher than all other groups. The HSF-1 value of Group 2 was significantly higher than that of Group 1. In terms of IL-1 Beta, IL-6 and TNF-alpha values, there was no significant difference between groups 2, 3 and 4 and these values were significantly lower than group 1. In histopathological results of our study, no significant difference was found between the groups being exposed to noise and the control group.Conclusion: This study showed that early period of Metformin treatment has therapeutic effect on NIHL