African-American Facilities for Dependent and Delinquent Children in Chicago, 1900 to 1920: The Louise Juvenile School and the Amanda Smith School

This article examines two homes and later industrial schools founded in the Chicago area for African-American dependent and delinquent children during the Progressive Era: the Louise Juvenile Home and Industrial School; and the Amanda Smith Industrial Home and School. The juvenile court\u27s inception and expansion, especially through the Chicago Woman\u27s Club, as well as African-American club women and probation officers, is first described. The African-American women\u27s activism in fighting segregation and in fund-raising for the schools is especially highlighted. Nonetheless, both schools\u27 success, as well as eventual demise, were due largely to their economic dependence upon the juvenile court