Quantum-classical processing and benchmarking at the pulse-level

Towards the practical use of quantum computers in the NISQ era, as well as the realization of fault-tolerant quantum computers that utilize quantum error correction codes, pressing needs have emerged for the control hardware and software platforms. In particular, a clear demand has arisen for platforms that allow classical processing to be integrated with quantum processing. While recent works discuss the requirements for such quantum-classical processing integration that is formulated at the gate-level, pulse-level discussions are lacking and are critically important. Moreover, defining concrete performance benchmarks for the control system at the pulse-level is key to the necessary quantum-classical integration. In this work, we categorize the requirements for quantum-classical processing at the pulse-level, demonstrate these requirements with a variety of use cases, including recently published works, and propose well-defined performance benchmarks for quantum control systems. We utilize a comprehensive pulse-level language that allows embedding universal classical processing in the quantum program and hence allows for a general formulation of benchmarks. We expect the metrics defined in this work to form a solid basis to continue to push the boundaries of quantum computing via control systems, bridging the gap between low-level and application-level implementations with relevant metrics.Comment: 22 page