Epigenetic regulation of caloric restriction in aging

The molecular mechanisms of aging are the subject of much research and have facilitated potential interventions to delay aging and aging-related degenerative diseases in humans. The aging process is frequently affected by environmental factors, and caloric restriction is by far the most effective and established environmental manipulation for extending lifespan in various animal models. However, the precise mechanisms by which caloric restriction affects lifespan are still not clear. Epigenetic mechanisms have recently been recognized as major contributors to nutrition-related longevity and aging control. Two primary epigenetic codes, DNA methylation and histone modification, are believed to dynamically influence chromatin structure, resulting in expression changes of relevant genes. In this review, we assess the current advances in epigenetic regulation in response to caloric restriction and how this affects cellular senescence, aging and potential extension of a healthy lifespan in humans. Enhanced understanding of the important role of epigenetics in the control of the aging process through caloric restriction may lead to clinical advances in the prevention and therapy of human aging-associated diseases

Ksztaltowanie wlasciwosci materii organicznej i kwasow huminowych pod wplywem nawozenia organicznego i mineralnego

Stosowane nawożenie organiczne i mineralne, zwłaszcza azotowe, wywierało istotny wpływ na zawartość i jakość próchnicy w glebie. Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie wpływu stosowanego nawożenia na skład frakcyjny materii organicznej i parametry spektrofotometryczne kwasów huminowych. Próbki glebowe pobrano z obiektów wieloletniego doświadczenia statycznego po 21 latach badań (po 7 rotacji). Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że próchnica gleb nawożonych obornikiem charakteryzowała się wyższym udziałem frakcji kwasów huminowych i wyższą wartością stosunku węgla kwasów huminowych do węgla kwasów fulwowych niż próchnica gleb nawożonych wyłącznie nawozami mineralnymi. W kwasach huminowych wyizolowanych z próbek glebowych, gdzie stosowano wyłącznie nawożenie mineralne zaobserwowano niższe wartości E4/6 i niższą podatność na utlenianie. Na obiektach gdzie stosowano obornik stwierdzono „alifatyzację” kwasów huminowych i większą ich podatność na utlenianie.Applied organic and mineral fertilization, especially nitrogen fertilization, significantly influenced the content and quality of organic matter in soil. The aim of presented work was to determine the influence of applied fertilization on fractional composition of organic matter and spectrophotometric parameters of the humic acids. Soil samples were taken from the objects of a long term static experiment after 21 years (7 crop rotations). The C EKH to CKF ratio was higher on the objects fertilized with manure in comparison to these without manure application. On the objects where the manure was apllied the aliphatizalion of humic acids was observed as well as their higher susceptibility to oxidation

Effect of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on the yield and baking value of spring wheat grain

The aim of the research was to evaluate the effect and interaction of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilisation on the grain yield and baking value of ‘Monsun’ spring wheat cultivar grown in light compacted soil. A field experiment was performed in 2013-2014 in an experimental field of the Department of Land Improvement and Agrometeorology, the UTP University of Science and Technology, at Mochełek, in the vicinity of Bydgoszcz. It was found that sprinkler irrigation significantly increased the spring wheat grain yield. The grain from sprinkler-irrigated stands demonstrated greater plumpness; it contained significantly less protein and gluten and showed a lower sedimentation value, as compared with the grain of non-sprinkler-irrigated plants. However, the protein yield produced under sprinkler irrigation conditions was on average 11% higher, compared to the control conditions. The effect of nitrogen fertilisation on the spring wheat grain yield and quality corre¬spond to earlier findings. Similarly to other research reports, a regular yield increase and enhanced quality of baking features along with an increase in the nitrogen rate were identified. Considering the quantitative and baking features of the grain yield, it was found that the optima nitrogen fertilisation rate in ‘Monsun’ spring wheat, in both water variants, was 180 kg.ha-1 (pre-sowing 120 kg .ha-1 and top dressing 60 kg ha-1)