Fourier-transform spectroscopy of Sr2 and revised ground state potential

Precise potentials for the ground state X1Sigma+g and the minimum region of the excited state 2_1Sigma+u of Sr2 are derived by high resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy of fluorescence progressions from single frequency laser excitation of Sr2 produced in a heat pipe at 950 Celsius. A change of the rotational assignment by four units compared to an earlier work (G. Gerber, R. M\"oller, and H. Schneider, J. Chem. Phys. 81, 1538 (1984)) is needed for a consistent description leading to a significant shift of the potentials towards longer inter atomic distances. The huge amount of ground state data derived for the three different isotopomers 88Sr2, 86Sr88Sr and 87Sr88Sr (almost 60% of all excisting bound rovibrational ground state levels for the isotopomer 88Sr2) fixes this assignment undoubtedly. The presented ground state potential is derived from the observed transitions for the radial region from 4 to 11 A (9 cm-1 below the asymptote) and is extended to the longe range region by the use of theoretical dispersion coefficients together with already available photoassociation data. New estimations of the scattering lengths for the complete set of isotopic combinations are derived by mass scaling with the derived potential. The data set for the excited state 2_1Sigma+u was sufficient to derive a potential energy curve around the minimum.Comment: 10 pages, 7 figures, some small corrections done especially to the potential description of the excited state (already included in the published journal version

The potential of the ground state of NaRb

The X$^{1}\Sigma ^{+}$ state of NaRb was studied by Fourier transform spectroscopy. An accurate potential energy curve was derived from more than 8800 transitions in isotopomers $^{23}$Na$^{85}$Rb and $^{23}$Na$^{87}$Rb. This potential reproduces the experimental observations within their uncertainties of 0.003 \rcm to 0.007 \rcm. The outer classical turning point of the last observed energy level ($v''=76$, $J''=27$) lies at $\approx 12.4$ \AA, leading to a energy of 4.5 \rcm below the ground state asymptote.Comment: 8 pages, 6 figures and 2 table

Study of coupled states for the (4s^{2})^{1}S + (4s4p)^{3}P asymptote of Ca_{2}

The coupled states A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+} (^{1}D +}1}S), c^{3}\Pi_{u} (^{3}P + ^{1}S) and a^{3}\Sigma_{u}^{+} (^{3}P +}1}S) of the calcium dimer are investigated in a laser induced fluorescence experiment combined with high-resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy. A global deperturbation analysis of the observed levels, considering a model, which is complete within the subspace of relevant neighboring states, is performed using the Fourier Grid Hamiltonian method. We determine the potential energy curve of the A^{1}\Sigma_{u}^{+} and c^{3}\Pi_{u} states and the strengths of the couplings between them. The c^{3}\Pi_{u} and \as states are of particular importance for the description of collisional processes between calcium atoms in the ground state ^{1}S_{0} and excited state ^{3}P_{1} applied in studies for establishing an optical frequency standard with Ca.Comment: 15 pages, 12 figure

The X1Σ+^1\Sigma^+ and a3Σ+^3\Sigma^+ states of LiCs studied by Fourier-transform spectroscopy

We present the first high-resolution spectroscopic study of LiCs. LiCs is formed in a heat pipe oven and studied via laser-induced fluorescence Fourier-transform spectroscopy. By exciting molecules through the X$^1\Sigma^+$-B$^1\Pi$ and X$^1\Sigma^+$-D$^1\Pi$ transitions vibrational levels of the X$^1\Sigma^+$ ground state have been observed up to 3cm^{-1} below the dissociation limit enabling an accurate construction of the potential. Furthermore, rovibrational levels in the a$^3\Sigma^+$ triplet ground state have been observed because the excited states obtain sufficient triplet character at the corresponding excited atomic asymptote. With the help of coupled channels calculations accurate singlet and triplet ground state potentials were derived reaching the atomic ground state asymptote and allowing first predictions of cold collision properties of Li + Cs pairs.Comment: 10 pages, 5 figures. Submitted for publicatio

Spectroscopy of the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state and the coupling to the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state of K_2

We report on high resolution Fourier-transform spectroscopy of fluorescence to the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state excited by two-photon or two-step excitation from the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state to the 2^3\Pi_g state in the molecule K_2. These spectroscopic data are combined with recent results of Feshbach resonances and two-color photoassociation spectra for deriving the potential curves of X^1\Sigma_g^+ and a^3\Sigma_u^+ up to the asymptote. The precise relative position of the triplet levels with respect of the singlet levels was achieved by including the excitation energies from the X^1\Sigma_g^+ state to the 2^3\Pi_g state and down to the a^3\Sigma_u^+ state in the simultaneous fit of both potentials. The derived precise potential curves allow for reliable modeling of cold collisions of pairs of potassium atoms in their ^2S ground state

Detection of Gravitational Redshift on the Solar Disk by Using Iodine-Cell Technique

With an aim to examine whether the predicted solar gravitational redshift can be observationally confirmed under the influence of the convective Doppler shift due to granular motions, we attempted measuring the absolute spectral line-shifts on a large number of points over the solar disk based on an extensive set of 5188-5212A region spectra taken through an iodine-cell with the Solar Domeless Telescope at Hida Observatory. The resulting heliocentric line shifts at the meridian line (where no rotational shift exists), which were derived by finding the best-fit parameterized model spectrum with the observed spectrum and corrected for the earth's motion, turned out to be weakly position-dependent as ~ +400 m/s near the disk center and increasing toward the limb up to ~ +600 m/s (both with a standard deviation of sigma ~ 100 m/s). Interestingly, this trend tends to disappear when the convectiveshift due to granular motions (~-300 m/s at the disk center and increasing toward the limb; simulated based on the two-component model along with the empirical center-to-limb variation) is subtracted, finally resulting in the averaged shift of 698 m/s (sigma = 113 m/s). Considering the ambiguities involved in the absolute wavelength calibration or in the correction due to convective Doppler shifts (at least several tens m/s, or more likely up to <~100 m/s), we may regard that this value is well consistent with the expected gravitational redshift of 633 m/s.Comment: 28 pages, 12 figures, electronic materials as ancillary data (table3, table 4, ReadMe); accepted for publication in Solar Physic

Formation of ultracold LiCs molecules

We present the first observation of ultracold LiCs molecules. The molecules are formed in a two-species magneto-optical trap and detected by two-photon ionization and time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The production rate coefficient is found to be in the range 10^{-18}\unit{cm^3s^{-1}} to 10^{-16}\unit{cm^3s^{-1}}, at least an order of magnitude smaller than for other heteronuclear diatomic molecules directly formed in a magneto-optical trap.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure

Widely usable interpolation formulae for hyperfine splittings in the

Based on new systematic high precision measurements of hyperfine splittings in different rovibrational bands of 127I2 in the near infrared spectral range between 778 nm and 816 nm, and the data in the range from 660 nm to 514 nm available from literature, the quantum number dependence of the different hyperfine interaction parameters was reinvestigated. As detailed as possible parameters were re-fitted from the reported hyperfine splittings in literature, considering that the interaction parameters should vary smoothly with the vibrational and rotational quantum numbers, and follow appropriate physical models. This type of consistency has not been sufficiently taken into account by other authors. To our knowledge it is now possible for the first time to separate the hfs contributions of the two electronic states $B ^{3}\Pi_{0^{+}_{u}}$ and $X ^{1}\Sigma^{+}_{g}$ for optical transitions in a very large wavelength range. New interpolation formulae could be derived for both states, describing the quantum number dependences of the nuclear electric quadrupole, of the nuclear spin-rotation and also of the nuclear spin-spin interactions. Using these new interpolation formulae the hyperfine splittings for the components with the quantum number condition $F-J=0$ can be calculated with an uncertainty of ≤30 kHz for transitions in the wavelength range between 514 nm and 820 nm

High precision description of the rovibronic structure of the I

A precise description of the B-X spectrum of the I2 molecule has been developed. All presently available high precision measurements on the B-X spectrum of the I2 molecule in the visible were introduced into a model based on molecular potentials for the two electronic states involved, the transition frequencies being the differences of the energy eigenvalues for the rovibrational levels in those potentials. This approach allows, depending on the quality of the input data, a prediction of iodine lines with a 2σ uncertainty of less than 30 MHz from 514 nm to 815 nm of most bands in that range. In the range between 526 nm to 667 nm, where highly precise systematic measurements exist, a smaller 2σ uncertainty of 3 MHz is achieved. Moreover, a precise local model description of selected bands of the B-X spectrum has been derived from high precision measurements of iodine lines in the near infrared between 778 nm and 815 nm. This approach by using a Dunham parameter description allows to predict lines of these bands with a 1σ uncertainty of less than 200 kHz. All this information including the systematically studied hyperfine structure can be combined in a computer program for predicting the details of the iodine B-X spectrum with high reliability, serving as a convenient tool in spectroscopic calibration tasks.