5 research outputs found

    New genetic loci link adipose and insulin biology to body fat distribution.

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    Body fat distribution is a heritable trait and a well-established predictor of adverse metabolic outcomes, independent of overall adiposity. To increase our understanding of the genetic basis of body fat distribution and its molecular links to cardiometabolic traits, here we conduct genome-wide association meta-analyses of traits related to waist and hip circumferences in up to 224,459 individuals. We identify 49 loci (33 new) associated with waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for body mass index (BMI), and an additional 19 loci newly associated with related waist and hip circumference measures (P < 5 × 10(-8)). In total, 20 of the 49 waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for BMI loci show significant sexual dimorphism, 19 of which display a stronger effect in women. The identified loci were enriched for genes expressed in adipose tissue and for putative regulatory elements in adipocytes. Pathway analyses implicated adipogenesis, angiogenesis, transcriptional regulation and insulin resistance as processes affecting fat distribution, providing insight into potential pathophysiological mechanisms

    Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium (B-Free): A Protocol for a Multi-centre Randomized Cluster Crossover Trial

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    Delirium is common after cardiac surgery and is associated with adverse outcomes. Administration of benzodiazepines before and after cardiac surgery is associated with delirium; guidelines recommend minimizing their use. Benzodiazepine administration during cardiac surgery remains common because of its recognized benefits. The Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium (B-Free) trial is a randomized cluster crossover trial evaluating whether an institutional policy of restricting intraoperative benzodiazepine administration (ie, ≄ 90% of patients do not receive benzodiazepines during cardiac surgery), as compared with a policy of liberal intraoperative benzodiazepine administration (ie, ≄ 90% of patients receive ≄ 0.03 mg/kg midazolam equivalent), reduces delirium. Hospitals performing ≄ 250 cardiac surgeries a year are included if their cardiac anesthesia group agrees to apply both benzodiazepine policies per their randomization, and patients are assessed for postoperative delirium every 12 hours in routine clinical care. Hospitals apply the restricted or liberal benzodiazepine policy during 12 to 18 crossover periods of 4 weeks each. Randomization for all periods takes place in advance of site startup; sites are notified of their allocated policy during the last week of each crossover period. Policies are applied to all patients undergoing cardiac surgery during the trial period. The primary outcome is the incidence of delirium at up to 72 hours after surgery. The B-Free trial will enroll ≄ 18,000 patients undergoing cardiac surgery at 20 hospitals across North America. Delirium is common after cardiac surgery, and benzodiazepines are associated with the occurrence of delirium. The B-Free trial will determine whether an institutional policy restricting the administration of benzodiazepines during cardiac surgery reduces the incidence of delirium after cardiac surgery.Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT03928236 (First registered April 26, 2019). RĂ©sumĂ©: L’état confusionnel est frĂ©quent aprĂšs une chirurgie cardiaque et il est associĂ© Ă  des complications. L’administration de benzodiazĂ©pines avant et aprĂšs une chirurgie cardiaque est associĂ©e Ă  l’état confusionnel; dans les lignes directrices, on recommande de rĂ©duire leur utilisation au minimum. L’administration de benzodiazĂ©pines pendant une chirurgie cardiaque demeure frĂ©quente, en raison des leurs bienfaits reconnus. L’essai B-Free (Benzodiazepine-Free Cardiac Anesthesia for Reduction of Postoperative Delirium ou l’anesthĂ©sie sans benzodiazĂ©pine en contexte de chirurgie cardiaque pour la rĂ©duction de l’état confusionnel postopĂ©ratoire) est un essai Ă  rĂ©partition alĂ©atoire par grappes et avec permutation, visant Ă  Ă©valuer si une politique institutionnelle de restriction de l’administration peropĂ©ratoire de benzodiazĂ©pines (c.-Ă -d. que ≄ 90 % des patients ne reçoivent pas de benzodiazĂ©pines durant une chirurgie cardiaque) rĂ©duit l’état confusionnel, comparativement Ă  une politique d’administration peropĂ©ratoire libĂ©rale de benzodiazĂ©pines (c.-Ă -d. que ≄ 90 % des patients reçoivent ≄ 0,03 mg/kg d’équivalent du midazolam). Des hĂŽpitaux effectuant au moins 250 chirurgies cardiaques par annĂ©e sont inclus dans l’essai si leurs Ă©quipes d’anesthĂ©sie cardiaque acceptent d’appliquer les deux politiques relatives aux benzodiazĂ©pines en vertu de la rĂ©partition alĂ©atoire et si les patients sont Ă©valuĂ©s toutes les 12 heures, en ce qui a trait Ă  l’état confusionnel postopĂ©ratoire, dans le cadre des soins cliniques habituels. Les hĂŽpitaux mettent en Ɠuvre la politique d’administration restreinte ou libĂ©rale de benzodiazĂ©pines durant 12 Ă  18 pĂ©riodes de permutation de 4 semaines chacune. La rĂ©partition alĂ©atoire de l’ensemble des pĂ©riodes a lieu avant le dĂ©but de l’essai Ă  l’hĂŽpital; les Ă©tablissements sont avisĂ©s de la politique qui leur est attribuĂ©e au cours de la derniĂšre semaine de chaque pĂ©riode de permutation. Les politiques sont appliquĂ©es Ă  tous les patients qui subissent une chirurgie cardiaque durant la pĂ©riode de l’essai. Le critĂšre d’évaluation principal est l’incidence de l’état confusionnel dans les 72 heures suivant l’intervention chirurgicale. L’étude B-Free inclura au moins 18 000 patients qui subiront une chirurgie cardiaque dans 20 hĂŽpitaux en l’AmĂ©rique du Nord. L’état confusionnel est frĂ©quent aprĂšs une chirurgie cardiaque, et les benzodiazĂ©pines sont associĂ©es Ă  la survenue de l’état confusionnel. L’essai B-Free permettra de dĂ©terminer si une politique institutionnelle de restriction de l’administration de benzodiazĂ©pines durant une chirurgie cardiaque rĂ©duit l’incidence de l’état confusionnel aprĂšs une telle chirurgie.Clinicaltrials.gov registration number: NCT03928236 (First registered April 26, 2019)
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