Op welke wijze landen diagnotische controle systemen in bancaire organisaties? Een sociaal constructionistische gevalsstudie.

A social constructionistic case study to determine in what way a diagnostic control system is being received in banking organizations. This paper explores how an organization receive a diagnostic control system from a social constructionistic perspective. More specifically the study focuses on the way a diagnostic control system is being received in a banking organization. The results from the case study in a banking organization suggests that using an individual diagnostic control system is not very effective because it’s also necessary to use other aspects of a management control system. For example, it’s possible that people don’t want to change. In that case, using a diagnostic control system will not be very effective. Finally, I conclude that in a banking organization are different social constructions with their own significance based on social interaction. This knowledge is important to understand how a diagnostic control system will be received in an organization. This conclusion matches with the results in an comparable empirical case study from Van Baarle (2009) in another sector (Royal Dutch Marechaussee)

Magnesium uptake by connecting fluid-phase endocytosis to an intracellular inorganic cation filter.

Cells acquire free metals through plasma membrane transporters. But, in natural settings, sequestering agents often render metals inaccessible to transporters, limiting metal bioavailability. Here we identify a pathway for metal acquisition, allowing cells to cope with this situation. Under limited bioavailability of Mg <sup>2+</sup> , yeast cells upregulate fluid-phase endocytosis and transfer solutes from the environment into their vacuole, an acidocalcisome-like compartment loaded with highly concentrated polyphosphate. We propose that this anionic inorganic polymer, which is an avid chelator of Mg <sup>2+</sup> , serves as an immobilized cation filter that accumulates Mg <sup>2+</sup> inside these organelles. It thus allows the vacuolar exporter Mnr2 to efficiently transfer Mg <sup>2+</sup> into the cytosol. Leishmania parasites also employ acidocalcisomal polyphosphate to multiply in their Mg <sup>2+</sup> -limited habitat, the phagolysosomes of inflammatory macrophages. This suggests that the pathway for metal uptake via endocytosis, acidocalcisomal polyphosphates and export into the cytosol, which we term EAPEC, is conserved

Evolution of body size, vision, and biodiversity of coral-associated organisms:evidence from fossil crustaceans in cold-water coral and tropical coral ecosystems

BACKGROUND: Modern cold-water coral and tropical coral environments harbor a highly diverse and ecologically important macrofauna of crustaceans that face elevated extinction risks due to reef decline. The effect of environmental conditions acting on decapod crustaceans comparing these two habitats is poorly understood today and in deep time. Here, we compare the biodiversity, eye socket height as a proxy for eye size, and body size of decapods in fossil cold-water and tropical reefs that formed prior to human disturbance. RESULTS: We show that decapod biodiversity is higher in fossil tropical reefs from The Netherlands, Italy, and Spain compared to that of the exceptionally well-preserved Paleocene (Danian) cold-water reef/mound ecosystem from Faxe (Denmark), where decapod diversity is highest in a more heterogeneous, mixed bryozoan-coral habitat instead of in coral and bryozoan-dominated facies. The relatively low diversity at Faxe was not influenced substantially by the preceding Cretaceous/Paleogene extinction event that is not apparent in the standing diversity of decapods in our analyses, or by sampling, preservation, and/or a latitudinal diversity gradient. Instead, the lower availability of food and fewer hiding places for decapods may explain this low diversity. Furthermore, decapods from Faxe are larger than those from tropical waters for half of the comparisons, which may be caused by a lower number of predators, the delayed maturity, and the increased life span of crustaceans in deeper, colder waters. Finally, deep-water specimens of the benthic crab Caloxanthus from Faxe exhibit a larger eye socket size compared to congeneric specimens from tropical reefs, suggesting that dim light conditions favored the evolution of relatively large eyes. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest a strong habitat control on the biodiversity of crustaceans in coral-associated environments and that the diversity difference between deep, cold-water reefs and tropical reefs evolved at least ~63 million years ago. Futhermore, body size and vision in crustaceans evolved in response to environmental conditions in the deep sea. We highlight the usefulness of ancient reefs to study organismal evolution and ecology. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0694-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users