CMS Level-1 Upgrade Calorimeter Trigger Prototype Development

As the LHC increases luminosity and energy, it will become increasingly difficult to select interesting physics events and remain within the readout bandwidth limitations. An upgrade to the CMS Calorimeter Trigger implementing more complex algorithms is proposed. It utilizes AMC cards with Xilinx FPGAs running in micro-TCA crate with card interconnections via crate backplanes and optical links operating at up to 10 Gbps. Prototype cards with Virtex-6 and Virtex-7 FPGAs have been built and software frameworks for operation and monitoring developed. The physics goals, hardware architectures, and software will be described in this talk. More details can be found in a separate poster at this conference

Operation and Performance of the CMS Level-1 Trigger during 7 TeV Collisions

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) has been collecting data at center-of-mass energy 7 TeV since March 2010. CMS detects the products of proton beams colliding at a rate of 40 MHz. The Level-1 trigger reduces this collision rate to an output rate of 100 kHz, which is forwarded to the High-Level trigger, a dedicated computer farm, which reduces that further to a rate of 100 Hz, suitable for storage of full event data. The Level-1 trigger uses high-speed custom electronics to combine information from electromagnetic and hadronic calorimeters and three muon detection systems and identifies potential physics objects of interest in only a few microseconds. To ensure good performance of the Level-1 trigger hardware, robust configuration and monitoring software is also required. This talk will concentrate on the performance of the Level-1 trigger in the 2010 and ongoing 2011 collision runs, as well as presenting an overall picture of the hardware and operation

Operation and performance of the CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger upgrade

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is preparing for the physics program for Run 2. The center-of-mass energy has risen from 8 to 13 TeV and the instantaneous luminosity will increase for both proton and heavy-ion running. This will make it more challenging to trigger on interesting events since the number of interactions per crossing (pile-up) and the overall trigger rate will be significantly larger than LHC Run 1. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment has installed a two-stage upgrade to their Calorimeter Trigger to ensure that the trigger rates can be controlled and the thresholds can stay low, so that physics data collection will not be compromised. The first-stage upgrade is installed and includes new electronics and duplicated optical links so that the LHC Run 1 CMS calorimeter trigger is still functional and algorithms can be developed while data taking continues. The second-stage will fully replace the calorimeter trigger at CMS with AMC form-factor boards and an optical link system, and require that the updates to the calorimeter back-ends, the source of the trigger primitives, are also installed and operational. The stage-2 systemâ??s boards will utilize Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGAs and have hundreds of high-speed links operating at up to 10 Gbps to maximize data throughput. The integration, commissioning, operation, and performance of stage-1 for 2015 data taking and stage-2 for triggering in 2016 will be described

Operation and Performance of a new microTCA-based CMS Calorimeter Trigger in LHC Run 2

The Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN is currently increasing the instantaneous luminosity for p-p collisions. In LHC Run 2, the center-of-mass energy has gone from 8 to 13 TeV and the instantaneous luminosity will approximately double for proton collisions. This will make it even more challenging to trigger on interesting events since the number of interactions per crossing (pileup) and the overall trigger rate will be significantly larger than in LHC Run 1. The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment has installed the second stage of a two-stage upgrade to the Calorimeter Trigger to ensure that the trigger rates can be controlled and the thresholds kept low, so that physics data will not be compromised. The stage-1, which replaced the original CMS Global Calorimeter Trigger, operated successfully in 2015. The completely new stage-2 has replaced the entire calorimeter trigger in 2016 with AMC form-factor boards and optical links operating in a microTCA chassis. It required that updates to the calorimeter back-ends, the source of the trigger primitive data, were also fully installed and operational. The stage-2 system's boards use Xilinx Virtex 7 690 FPGAs and have hundreds of links operating at up to 10 Gbps to maximize data throughput. In addition, a new trigger time-multiplexed architecture was implemented and extensive firmware and software development was necessary. The final commissioning, operation, and performance of the stage-2 calorimeter trigger in 2016 proton collisions will be presented, as well as the expectations of CMS for the remainder of LHC Run 2

The CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger for LHC Run II

Results from the completed Phase 1 Upgrade of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger are presented. The upgrade was completed in two stages, with the first running in 2015 for proton and Heavy Ion collisions and the final stage for 2016 data taking. The Level-1 trigger has been fully commissioned and has been used by CMS to collect over 43 fb-1 of data since the start of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) Run II. The new trigger has been designed to improve the performance at high luminosity and large number of simultaneous inelastic collisions per crossing (pile-up). For this purpose it uses a novel design, the Time Multiplexed Trigger (TMT), which enables the data from an event to be processed by a single trigger processor at full granularity over several bunch crossings. The TMT design is a modular design based on the uTCA standard. The trigger processors are instrumented with Xilinx Virtex-7 690 FPGAs and 10 Gbps optical links. The TMT architecture is flexible and the number of trigger processors can be expanded according to the physics needs of CMS. Sophisticated and innovative algorithms are now the core of the first decision layer of the experiment. The system has been able to adapt to the outstanding performance of the LHC, which ran with an instantaneous luminosity well above design. The performance of the system for single physics objects are presented along with the optimizations foreseen to maintain the thresholds for the harsher conditions expected during the LHC Run II and Run III periods

Installation and Commissioning of the CMS Level-1 Calorimeter Trigger Upgrade

The Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) experiment is currently installing upgrades to their Calorimeter Trigger for LHC Run 2 to ensure that the trigger thresholds can stay low, and physics data collection will not be compromised. The electronics will be upgraded in two stages. Stage-1 for 2015 will upgrade some electronics and links from copper to optical in the existing calorimeter trigger so that the algorithms can be improved and we do not lose valuable data before stage-2 can be fully installed by 2016. Stage-2 will fully replace the calorimeter trigger at CMS with a micro-TCA and optical link system. It requires that the updates to the calorimeter back-ends, the source of the trigger primitives, be completed. The new systemâ??s boards will utilize Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGAs and have hundreds of high-speed links operating at up to 10 Gbps to maximize data throughput. The integration, commissioning, and installation of stage-1 in 2015 will be described, as well as the integration and parallel installation of the stage-2 in 2015, for a fully upgraded CMS calorimeter trigger in operation by 2016.Solenoid (CMS) experiment is currently installing an upgrade to their Calorimeter Trigger to ensure that the trigger thresholds can stay low, and physics data collection will not be compromised by these challenging conditions. The electronics will be upgraded in two stages. Stage-1 will upgrade some electronics and links from copper to optical in the existing calorimeter trigger so that the algorithms can be improved and we do not lose valuable data before Stage-2 can be fully installed. Stage-2 will fully replace the calorimeter trigger at CMS with a micro-TCA and optical link system, and require that the updates to the calorimeter back-ends, the source of the trigger primitives, are completed. The new systemâ??s boards will utilize Xilinx Virtex 7 FPGAs and have hundreds of high-speed links operating at up to 10 Gbps to maximize data throughput. The integration, commissioning, and installation of stage-1 in 2015 will be described, as well as the integration and parallel installation of the stage-2 in 2015, for an fully upgraded CMS calorimeter trigger in operation by 2016