The Comparison of the Emotional States of the Cancer Children to their Healthy Peers

This study aimed to compare the emotional status of children with cancer between the ages of five and twelve with their healthy peers. The study groups of the research consist of children with cancer disease between the ages of five and twelve which have inpatient treatment at pediatric oncology service and healthy peers of the same age and gender. Totally 70 children, with 35 cancer who took inpatient treatment and two or more chemotherapy treatments between the dates September-November 2017, and also whose families accepted to participate in the research and 35 healthy children who live at the centre of Ankara, and were chosen with easy sampling method were included to the research. When collecting the data, “General Information Form” was used to determine the sociodemographic characteristics of the children and their families and the pictures drawn by the children were used to determine the emotional situations of the children. Pictures were evaluated according to the expert opinions using Koppitz’s “Draw a Man” evaluation test. The Chi-Square test was used to evaluate the data. The coherence between the experts was determined by the Cronbach Alpha value which was found 0.83. According to findings of the research, it was concluded that the impulsiveness, self-insecurity, anxiety, and anger-aggressiveness (p>0.05); shyness-timidity (p<0.05) of children with cancer was significantly higher than their healthy peers

Embedded trace operator for infinite metric trees

We consider a class of infinite weighted metric trees obtained as perturbations of self-similar regular trees. Possible definitions of the boundary traces of functions in the Sobolev space on such a structure are discussed by using identifications of the tree boundary with a surface. Our approach unifies some constructions proposed by Maury, Salort, Vannier (2009) for dyadic discrete weighted trees (expansion in orthogonal bases of harmonic functions on the graph and using Haar-type bases on the domain representing the boundary), and by Nicaise, Semin (2018) and Joly, Kachanovska, Semin (2019) for fractal metric trees (approximation by finite sections and identification of the boundary with a interval): we show that both machineries give the same trace map, and for a range of parameters we establish the precise Sobolev regularity of the traces. In addition, we introduce new geometric ingredients by proposing an identification with arbitrary Riemannian manifolds. It is shown that any compact manifold admits a suitable multiscale decomposition and, therefore, can be identified with a metric tree boundary in the context of trace theorems.Comment: 67 pages. Several wrong citations were correcte

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia

The basic components of the diagnostic test systems are antigens and specific antibodies. The main objective of developing express tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is to obtain a virus antigen drug, which is very time-consuming to prepare. This problem can be solved by producing anti-idiotype antibodies that have a chemical structure identical to that of the viral antigen and does not require large expenditures to manufacture [1, 2]

Author Correction: Heparanase-2 protects from LPS-mediated endothelial injury by inhibiting TLR4 signalling

The Acknowledgements section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. “We are grateful to Prof. Israel Vlodavsky (Technion, Haifa, Israel) for giving us 1c7 antibody to HPSE2. We are grateful to Prof. Fridrich Luft for critical editing the manuscript. Grants from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Nr. 031A577A and 031A577B funded this research. This work was also supported by a grant for the German Research Council to H.H. Ha1388/17-1.” now reads: “We are grateful to Prof. Israel Vlodavsky (Technion, Haifa, Israel) for giving us 1c7 antibody to HPSE2. We are grateful to Prof. Fridrich Luft for critical editing the manuscript. Grants from German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) Nr. 031A577A and 031A577B funded this research. This work was also supported by a grant for the German Research Council to H.H. Ha1388/17-1. This work was also supported by a grant from the Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung (EKFS): Grant 2017_A96.” The original Article has been corrected

Preparation of anti-idiotypic antibodies for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia

The basic components of the diagnostic test systems are antigens and specific antibodies. The main objective of developing express tests for the diagnosis of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) is to obtain a virus antigen drug, which is very time-consuming to prepare. This problem can be solved by producing anti-idiotype antibodies that have a chemical structure identical to that of the viral antigen and does not require large expenditures to manufacture [1, 2]

Heparanase-2 protects from LPS-mediated endothelial injury by inhibiting TLR4 signalling

The endothelial glycocalyx and its regulated shedding are important to vascular health. Endo-β-D-glucuronidase heparanase-1 (HPSE1) is the only enzyme that can shed heparan sulfate. However, the mechanisms are not well understood. We show that HPSE1 activity aggravated Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)-mediated response of endothelial cells to LPS. On the contrary, overexpression of its endogenous inhibitor, heparanase-2 (HPSE2) was protective. The microfluidic chip flow model confirmed that HPSE2 prevented heparan sulfate shedding by HPSE1. Furthermore, heparan sulfate did not interfere with cluster of differentiation-14 (CD14)-dependent LPS binding, but instead reduced the presentation of the LPS to TLR4. HPSE2 reduced LPS-mediated TLR4 activation, subsequent cell signalling, and cytokine expression. HPSE2-overexpressing endothelial cells remained protected against LPS-mediated loss of cell-cell contacts. In vivo, expression of HPSE2 in plasma and kidney medullary capillaries was decreased in mouse sepsis model. We next applied purified HPSE2 in mice and observed decreases in TNFα and IL-6 plasma concentrations after intravenous LPS injections. Our data demonstrate the important role of heparan sulfate and the glycocalyx in endothelial cell activation and suggest a protective role of HPSE2 in microvascular inflammation. HPSE2 offers new options for protection against HPSE1-mediated endothelial damage and preventing microvascular disease. © 2019, The Author(s)