Measurement and correlation for solubilities of alkali metal chlorides in water vapor at high temperature and pressure

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生産プロセスA flow type apparatus was designed and constructed to measure the solubilities of salts in water vapor at high temperature and pressure. The apparatus was equipped with an additional pure water line to prevent the clogging by precipitated solid salts at the outlet of an equilibrium cell. The solubilities of sodium chloride and potassium chloride in water vapor were measured at 623-673 K and 9.0-12.0 MPa. In order to verify the soundness of this method and the performance of the apparatus, the experimental results for the solubilities of sodium chloride at 673 K were compared with the literature data. The present data are in good agreement with the literature data. The solubilities of sodium chloride are similar to those of potassium chloride at the same temperatures and pressures. The isobaric solubilities decrease with increasing temperature at the experimental pressure range. The experimental results of solubilities were correlated by a solution model. The molar volumes and the energy parameters of salts were treated as adjustable parameters and were optimized with the present and literature data. The adjusted energy parameters for salts can be related to a linear function of the temperature. The correlated results show good agreement with the experimental data. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved

Sodium fluoride induces hypercalcemia resulting from the upregulation of both osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities in goldfish, Carassius auratus

The influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on calcium metabolism was examined in goldfish (fresh water teleost). At 2 days after administration of NaF (500 ng/g body weight; 5 μg/g body weight) (around 10− 5 to 10− 4 M in goldfish), we indicated that plasma calcium levels upregulated in both doses of NaF-treated goldfish. To examine the mechanism of hypercalcemia by NaF treatments, therefore, direct effects of NaF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in goldfish were investigated by an original assay system using teleost scale which has osteoblasts, osteoclasts and bone matrix. Alkaline phosphatase activity in the scales increased with the treatment of NaF (10− 6 and 10− 5 M) during 6 h of incubation. Also, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity increased after exposure to NaF (10− 5 M) at the 6 h of incubation. To investigate the osteoclastic activation, the mRNA expression of osteoclastogenesis related factors were examined. The receptor activator of the nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) which is known as a factor for osteoclastogenesis, increased in the NaF-treated scales after 6 h of incubation. The ratio of RANKL/osteoprotegerin (osteoclastogenesis inhibitory factor) significantly increased after 6 h of incubation. Resulting from the increase of RANKL mRNA level, the expression of transcription-regulating factors was significantly increased. Furthermore, the expression of functional genes, cathepsin K and matrix metalloproteinase-9 mRNA, was significantly increased. In our knowledge, this is the first report concerning the effects of NaF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in teleosts. We concluded that NaF influences calcium metabolism via osteoclastic activation in goldfish. © 2016 Elsevier Inc.Embargo Period 12 month

Sodium fluoride influences calcium metabolism resulting from the suppression of osteoclasts in the scales of nibbler fish Girella punctata

The influence of sodium fluoride (NaF) on calcium metabolism was examined in nibbler fish (marine teleosts). Two days after the administration of NaF (5 μg/g of body weight) (around 10−4 M in fish), we showed that plasma calcium levels significantly decreased in NaF-treated nibbler fish. In addition, we detected fluoride in the treated scales by use of a scanning electron microscope with an energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis, indicating that NaF directly affects their scales. Therefore, the influence of NaF on osteoblasts and osteoclasts in the scales was examined. In the scales of NaF-injected nibbler fish, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (osteoclastic marker enzyme) decreased, although alkaline phosphatase (osteoblastic marker enzyme) was activated. To confirm the effect of NaF on osteoclasts, furthermore, the mRNA expressions of osteoclastic markers (matrix metalloproteinase-9 and TRAP) were decreased significantly 2 days after incubation. In barred knifejaws, plasma calcium levels decreased as they did in nibbler fish. Therefore, NaF functions in both osteoblasts and osteoclasts and then influences calcium metabolism in marine fish. In the marine environment, high levels of fluoride (1.2–1.5 mg F−/l) (around 10−5–10−4 M) are present in seawater. It is probable that teleosts living in seawater efficiently use fluoride to regulate their blood calcium levels. © 2017 Japanese Society of Fisheries Science出版者照会後に全文公開 / Embargo Period 12 monthsErratum to: Sodium fluoride influences calcium metabolism resulting from the suppression of osteoclasts in the scales of nibbler fish Girella punctata (Fish Sci, 10.1007/s12562-017-1086-0)( https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs12562-017-1092-

Application of association model for solubilities of alkali metal chloride in water vapor at high temperatures and pressures

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科生産プロセス金沢大学工学部An association model with a cubic equation of state was adopted to calculate the solubilities of alkali metal chlorides in water vapor under high temperatures and pressures. The solubilities of sodium chloride (NaCl) and potassium chloride (KCl) were correlated by optimized association numbers and equilibrium constants. The correlated results represented well the experimental results. The logarithm of equilibrium constants show linear functions of reciprocal of the absolute temperature. Copyright © 2006 The Society of Chemical Engineers, Japan