環境教育に関する生徒の知識、意識、関心に関する調査研究―日本の普通科高校を例として―

Education for Sustainable Development(ESD)-Environmental Education, has been a major concern at most UN summits. The 2002 Johannesburg Summit broadened the vision and re-affirmed the objective of the Millennium evelopment Goals (MDS) and proclaimed the Decade of Education for Sustainable Development for the period 2005-2014. This emphasized that education, is critical for promoting sustainable development and improving capacity of the people to address environment and development issues. This paper seeks to report, a finding on the level of student awareness and interests in environmental issues at a High School in Japan (a Super Science High School). A curricula unit was developed in the area of environmental education on soil. An actual chemistry class has been conducted in English. Pre & post lesson questionnaires were administered to the students. The result of the analysis indicates that, students are aware of environmental issues but need to be exposed to these issues in the form of activity-based classroom lessons. This we believe, will enable the students appreciate the fact that ESD is a life-wide and lifelong endeavor which challenges individuals, institutions and societies to view tomorrow as a day that belongs to all of us. This we presume is the main challenge of the MDS.持続可能な開発と環境教育は世界的な課題であり、2002年のヨハネスブルク環境サミットでも議題として採り上げられ、特に教育によって持続可能な社会の発展を進めることが合意された。本研究は日本のある高校で1年間にわたって、土を題材とした単元を実施し、その事前事後に環境問題に関する調査を行い、生徒の環境に関する知識、意識、関心についてどのような水準にあり、授業によってどうかわるかを調査し、明らかにした

Stimulation of ultraviolet-induced apoptosis of human fibroblast UVr-1 cells by tyrosine kinase inhibitors

AbstractDamnacanthal is an anthraquinone compound isolated from the root of Morinda citrifolia and was reported to have a potent inhibitory activity towards tyrosine kinases such as Lck, Src, Lyn and EGF receptor. In the present study, we have examined the effects of damnacanthal on ultraviolet ray-induced apoptosis in ultraviolet-resistant human UVr-1 cells. When the cells were treated with damnacanthal prior to ultraviolet irradiation, DNA fragmentation was more pronounced as compared to the case of ultraviolet irradiation alone. The other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, herbimycin A and genistein, also caused similar effects on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis but to a lesser extent. Serine/threonine kinase inhibitors, K252a, staurosporine and GF109203X, rather suppressed the ultraviolet-induced DNA cleavage. Immunoblot analysis showed that pretreatment with damnacanthal followed by ultraviolet irradiation increased the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases. However, the other tyrosine kinase inhibitors did not increase the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases but stimulated phosphorylation of stress-activated protein kinases. Consequently, the ultraviolet-induced concurrent increase in both phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases and stress-activated protein kinases after pretreatment with damnacanthal might be characteristically related to the stimulatory effect of damnacanthal on ultraviolet-induced apoptosis

The association of C-reactive protein with an oxidative metabolite of LDL and its implication in atherosclerosis

C-reactive protein (CRP) is one of the strongest independent predictors of cardiovascular disease. We have previously reported that oxidized LDL (oxLDL) interacts with beta 2-glycoprotein I (beta 2GPI), implicating oxLDL/P2GPI complexes as putative autoantigens in autoimmune-mediated atherosclerotic vascular disease. In this study, we investigated the interaction of CRP with oxLDL/beta 2GPI complexes and its association with atherosclerosis in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). CRP/oxLDL/R2GPI complexes were predominantly found in sera of DM patients with atherosclerosis. In contrast, noncomplexed CRP isoforms were present in sera of patients with acute/chronic inflammation, i.e., various pyrogenic diseases, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and DM. Immunohistochemistry staining colocalized CRP and beta 2GPI together with oxLDL in carotid artery plaques but not in synovial tissue from RA patients, strongly suggesting that complex formation occurs during the development of adierosclerosis. Serum levels of CRP correlated with soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, and oxLDL/beta 2GPI complexes correlated with total cholesterol and hemoglobin Al c. Thus, the generation of CRP/oxLDL/beta 2GPI complexes seems to be associated with arterial inflammation, hyperglycemia, and hypercholesterolemia. CRP/oxLDL/R2GPI complexes can be distinguished from pyrogenic noncomplexed CRP isoforms and may represent a more specific and predictive marker for atherosclerosis

Cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine as a novel biomarker for predicting prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a prospective observational study

[Background] Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive fibrotic lung disease that leads to respiratory failure and death. Although there is a greater understanding of the etiology of this disease, accurately predicting the disease course in individual patients is still not possible. This study aimed to evaluate serum cytokines/chemokines as potential biomarkers that can predict outcomes in IPF patients. [Methods] A multi-institutional prospective two-stage discovery and validation design using two independent cohorts was adopted. For the discovery analysis, serum samples from 100 IPF patients and 32 healthy controls were examined using an unbiased, multiplex immunoassay of 48 cytokines/chemokines. The serum cytokine/chemokine values were compared between IPF patients and controls; the association between multiplex measurements and survival time was evaluated in IPF patients. In the validation analysis, the cytokines/chemokines identified in the discovery analysis were examined in serum samples from another 81 IPF patients to verify the ability of these cytokines/chemokines to predict survival. Immunohistochemical assessment of IPF-derived lung samples was also performed to determine where this novel biomarker is expressed. [Results] In the discovery cohort, 18 cytokines/chemokines were significantly elevated in sera from IPF patients compared with those from controls. Interleukin-1 receptor alpha (IL-1Rα), interleukin-8 (IL-8), macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha (MIP-1α), and cutaneous T-cell-attracting chemokine (CTACK) were associated with survival: IL-1Rα, hazard ratio (HR) = 1.04 per 10 units, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.01–1.07; IL-8, HR = 1.04, 95% CI 1.01–1.08; MIP-1α, HR = 1.19, 95% CI 1.00–1.36; and CTACK, HR = 1.12 per 100 units, 95% CI 1.02–1.21. A replication analysis was performed only for CTACK because others were previously reported to be potential biomarkers of interstitial lung diseases. In the validation cohort, CTACK was associated with survival: HR = 1.14 per 100 units, 95% CI 1.01–1.28. Immunohistochemistry revealed the expression of CTACK and CC chemokine receptor 10 (a ligand of CTACK) in airway and type II alveolar epithelial cells of IPF patients but not in those of controls. [Conclusions] CTACK is a novel prognostic biomarker of IPF

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We confirmed the bibliographic notes of literature on "home economics, home life and history of life", "economics of home", "family, home and marriage" and "home science" before World War II. The literature were picked up from "KASEIGAKU-SEIRITSU-SHI" written by TUNEMI and 25 books on philosophy of home economics. The results were as follows : (1) 82%, 314 literature of 382 objects were confirmed. (2) 91% of 382 objects had some unsatisfactory or mistaken notes. 85% of publishers, 33% of published year, 24% of title and 5% of editors or authors, had the unsatisfatory or mistaken notes. (3) 189 literature which had the unsatisfactory or mistaken notes except publishers only, were listed with supplied or revised