100 research outputs found
Situating the social issues of image generation models in the model life cycle: a sociotechnical approach
The race to develop image generation models is intensifying, with a rapid
increase in the number of text-to-image models available. This is coupled with
growing public awareness of these technologies. Though other generative AI
models--notably, large language models--have received recent critical attention
for the social and other non-technical issues they raise, there has been
relatively little comparable examination of image generation models. This paper
reports on a novel, comprehensive categorization of the social issues
associated with image generation models. At the intersection of machine
learning and the social sciences, we report the results of a survey of the
literature, identifying seven issue clusters arising from image generation
models: data issues, intellectual property, bias, privacy, and the impacts on
the informational, cultural, and natural environments. We situate these social
issues in the model life cycle, to aid in considering where potential issues
arise, and mitigation may be needed. We then compare these issue clusters with
what has been reported for large language models. Ultimately, we argue that the
risks posed by image generation models are comparable in severity to the risks
posed by large language models, and that the social impact of image generation
models must be urgently considered
Symmetry breaking Rayleigh-Taylor instability in a two-component Bose-Einstein condensate
The interfacial instability and subsequent dynamics in a phase-separated
two-component Bose-Einstein condensate with rotation symmetry are studied. When
the interatomic interaction or the trap frequency is changed, the
Rayleigh-Taylor instability breaks the rotation symmetry of the interface,
which is subsequently deformed into nonlinear patterns including mushroom
shapes.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figure
せん妄の遷延化に関連する因子についての後方視研究
Background: It has been reported that delirium causes various problems. Many researchers have reported the risk factors associated with the onset of delirium; however, there are few reports focused on persistent delirium. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with persistent delirium. Methods: A total of 573 patients hospitalised in Nara Prefecture General Medical Centre from October 2014 through September 2017 who were referred to the psychiatry consultation service were included in this study. Persistent delirium was defined as delirium lasting for 14 days or more. A retrospective study was carried out based on the patients' records. The relationship between various background factors and persistent delirium was statistically analysed. Results: Of the 573 hospitalised patients, 295 were diagnosed as having delirium. Forty-six patients with persistent delirium and 181 patients with nonpersistent delirium were included in this study. Multivariable logistic regression analyses revealed that male gender, opioid analgesics use, non-opioid analgesics use, and low serum sodium were significantly and independently associated with persistent delirium. Ramelteon or trazodone was used significantly more in persistent delirium, although each use was not significant. Conclusion: This is the first study to reveal that male gender and use of analgesics were associated with persistent delirium in general hospital. However, as this is a case-control study and may contain bias, future cohort studies and intervention studies are needed. It is also necessary to investigate the relevance of the 'degree of pain' behind the use of analgesics.博士(医学)・乙第1516号・令和3年12月21日© 2021 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/psyg.12655], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/psyg.12655]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited
Development of molecular markers associated with resistance to Meloidogyne incognita by performing quantitative trait locus analysis and genome-wide association study in sweetpotato
The southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is a pest that decreases yield and the quality of sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam.]. There is a demand to produce resistant cultivars and develop DNA markers to select this trait. However, sweetpotato is hexaploid, highly heterozygous, and has an enormous genome (similar to 3 Gb), which makes genetic linkage analysis difficult. In this study, a high-density linkage map was constructed based on retrotransposon insertion polymorphism, simple sequence repeat, and single nucleotide polymorphism markers. The markers were developed using F-1 progeny between J-Red, which exhibits resistance to multiple races of M. incognita, and Choshu, which is susceptible to multiple races of such pest. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis and a genome-wide association study detected highly effective QTLs for resistance against three races, namely, SP1, SP4, and SP6-1, in the Ib01-6 J-Red linkage group. A polymerase chain reaction marker that can identify genotypes based on single nucleotide polymorphisms located in this QTL region can discriminate resistance from susceptibility in the F-1 progeny at a rate of 70%. Thus, this marker could be helpful in selecting sweetpotato cultivars that are resistant to multiple races of M. incognita
On Ghost Structure of Vacuum Superstring Field Theory
After discussing the general form of the kinetic operator around the tachyon
vacuum, we determine the specific form of the pure-ghost kinetic operator Q^ by
requiring the twist invariance of the action. We obtain a novel result that the
Grassmann-even piece Q_even of Q^ must act differently on GSO(+) sector and on
GSO(-) sector to preserve the twist invariance, and show that this structure is
crucial for gauge invariance of the action. With this choice of Q^, we
construct a solution in an approximation scheme which is conjectured to
correspond to a non-BPS D9-brane. We consider both 0-picture cubic and
Berkovits' non-polynomial superstring field theories for the NS sector.Comment: 1+42 pages, 5 figures. v2: a reference added, and a brief comment
added (footnote 14). v3: version to appear in NPB. Numerical coefficients in
front of the kinetic operators, and some signs in the eqs. of motion, have
been corrected. Some minor modification
Magnetized Fast Isochoric Laser Heating for Efficient Creation of Ultra-High-Energy-Density States
The quest for the inertial confinement fusion (ICF) ignition is a grand
challenge, as exemplified by extraordinary large laser facilities. Fast
isochoric heating of a pre-compressed plasma core with a high-intensity
short-pulse laser is an attractive and alternative approach to create
ultra-high-energy-density states like those found in ICF ignition sparks. This
avoids the ignition quench caused by the hot spark mixing with the surrounding
cold fuel, which is the crucial problem of the currently pursued ignition
scheme. High-intensity lasers efficiently produce relativistic electron beams
(REB). A part of the REB kinetic energy is deposited in the core, and then the
heated region becomes the hot spark to trigger the ignition. However, only a
small portion of the REB collides with the core because of its large
divergence. Here we have demonstrated enhanced laser-to-core energy coupling
with the magnetized fast isochoric heating. The method employs a
kilo-tesla-level magnetic field that is applied to the transport region from
the REB generation point to the core which results in guiding the REB along the
magnetic field lines to the core. 7.7 1.3 % of the maximum coupling was
achieved even with a relatively small radial area density core (
0.1 g/cm). The guided REB transport was clearly visualized in a
pre-compressed core by using Cu- imaging technique. A simplified
model coupled with the comprehensive diagnostics yields 6.2\% of the coupling
that agrees fairly with the measured coupling. This model also reveals that an
ignition-scale areal density core ( 0.4 g/cm) leads to much
higher laser-to-core coupling ( 15%), this is much higher than that achieved
by the current scheme
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