Quintessence and black holes

We present new static spherically-symmetric exact solutions of Einstein equations with the quintessential matter surrounding a black hole charged or not as well as for the case without the black hole. A condition of additivity and linearity in the energy-momentum tensor is introduced, which allows one to get correct limits to the known solutions for the electromagnetic static field implying the relativistic relation between the energy density and pressure, as well as for the extraordinary case of cosmological constant, i.e. de Sitter space. We classify the horizons, which evidently reveal themselves in the static coordinates, and derive the Gibbons-Hawking temperatures. An example of quintessence with the state parameter w=-2/3 is discussed in detail.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX file, 1 eps-figure, discussion and references adde

Spinor algebra transformations as gauge symmetry: limit to Einstein gravity

We construct a Lagrangian of Weyl spinors and gauge fields, which is invariant under the action of equivalent local transformations on the spinor algebra representations. A model of vacuum with a nontrivial gauge strength-tensor setting a scale and spontaneously breaking the gauge symmetry is suggested, so that the leading approximation at low energies is described by the Einstein--Hilbert Lagrangian of gravity. We consider a mechanism for the cancellation of cosmological constant due to a symmetry between the vacuum strength tensor and the tensor dual to it. The appearance of nonzero masses for the non-graviton degrees of freedom for the gauge field is shown. The generalization to the Dirac spinors is considered, and a group of additional gauge symmetry is determined. We argue for a necessary introduction of supersymmetry.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX file, 1 eps-figure, reference added, subsection 3.5.2 and section 5. little modifie

Installing of cosmological constant

An artificial scale of observable cosmological constant is dynamically related to its natural bare value due to an installation of relevant coherent state for the inflationary field in a finite volume of early Universe, because of exponential suppression of probability to find the state with zero number of quanta. Homogeneous quantum fluctuations of the field actually put hard constraints on the total amount of inflation.Comment: 12 pages, jcap style, introduction and motivation completely change

Ghost condensate model of flat rotation curves

An effective action of ghost condensate with higher derivatives creates a source of gravity and mimics a dark matter in spiral galaxies. We present a spherically symmetric static solution of Einstein--Hilbert equations with the ghost condensate at large distances, where flat rotation curves are reproduced in leading order over small ratio of two energy scales characterizing constant temporal and spatial derivatives of ghost field: mu_*^2 and mu_\star^2, respectively, with a hierarchy mu_\star\ll \mu_*. We assume that a mechanism of hierarchy is provided by a global monopole in the center of galaxy. An estimate based on the solution and observed velocities of rotations in the asymptotic region of flatness, gives mu_* ~ 10^{19} GeV and the monopole scale in a GUT range mu_\star ~ 10^{16} GeV, while a velocity of rotation v_0 is determined by the ratio: sqrt{2} v_0^2= mu_\star^2/mu_*^2. A critical acceleration is introduced and naturally evaluated of the order of Hubble rate, that represents the Milgrom's acceleration.Comment: 4 pages, RevTeX4 file, references and clarifying footnotes adde

Quintessential solution of dark matter rotation curves and its simulation by extra dimensions

On the base of an exact solution for the static spherically symmetric Einstein equations with the quintessential dark matter, we explain the asymptotic behavior of rotation curves in spiral galaxies. The parameter of the quintessence state, i.e. the ratio of its pressure to the density is tending to -1/3. We present an opportunity to imitate the relevant quintessence by appropriate scalar fields in the space-time with extra 2 dimensions.Comment: 11 pages, LaTeX file, 4 eps-figures, references adde

Electroweak symmetry breaking in Higgs mechanism with composite operators and solution of naturalness

Introducing a source for a bi-local composite operator motivated by the perturbative expansion in gauge couplings, we calculate its effective potential in the renormalization group of Standard Model with no involvement of technicolor. The potential indicates the breaking of electroweak symmetry below a scale M due to a nonzero vacuum expectation value of neutral component for the SU(2)-doublet operator. At virtualities below a cut off \Lambda we introduce the local higgs approximation for the effective fields of sources coupled to the composite operators. The value of \Lambda\approx 600 GeV is fixed by the measured masses of gauge vector bosons. The exploration of equations for infrared fixed points of calculated Yukawa constants allows us to evaluate the masses of heaviest fermion generation with a good accuracy, so that m_t(m_t) = 165\pm 4 GeV, m_b(m_b) = 4.18\pm 0.38 GeV and m_\tau(m_\tau) = 1.78\pm 0.27 GeV. After a finite renormalization of effective fields for the sources of composite operators, the parameters of effective Higgs field potential are calculated at the scale of matching with the local theory \Lambda. The fixed point for the Yukawa constant of t quark and the matching condition for the null effective potential at M drive the M value to the GUT scale. The equation for the infrared fixed point of quartic self-action allows us to get estimates for two almost degenerate scalar particles with m_H= 306\pm 5 GeV, while third scalar coupled with the tau lepton is more heavy: m_{H_\tau} = 552\pm 9 GeV. Some phenomenological implications of the offered approach describing the effective scalar field, and a problem on three fermion generations are discussed.Comment: 24 pages, LaTeX file, 10 eps-figures, minor clarifications adde

Evolution of flat universe with a cosmological term in modified Relativistic Theory of Gravitation as a scalar-tensor extension of General Relativity

We consider the dynamics of tensor and scalar gravitational fields in the Relativistic Theory of Gravitation with the Minkowskian vacuum metric and generalize the formulation to the massless graviton. The potential of scalar field is determined in the presence of cosmological term under clear physical motivations. We find cosmological inflationary solutions and analyze conditions providing the transition to the regime of hot expanding universe.Comment: 23 pages, 3 eps-figures, title extended, arguements added, evolution eqs. unchanged, derivation and treatment of dimensional parameter improve

Alpha_s from spectroscopy of psi- and Upsilon-particles in QCD sum rules

In a specific scheme of the QCD sum rules, one gives the estimate of $\alpha_S\simeq 0.20$ from the data on the masses and leptonic constants of $\psi$- and $\Upsilon$-particles.Comment: Preprint IHEP 94-92, 2 LATEX page

CMBR anisotropy in the framework of cosmological extrapolation of MOND

A modified gravity involving a critical acceleration, as empirically established at galactic scales and successfully tested by data on supernovae of type Ia, can fit the measured multipole spectrum of anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background radiation, so that a dark sector of Universe is constructively mimicked as caused by the dynamics beyond the general relativity. Physical consequences, verifiable predictions and falsifiable issues are listed and discussed.Comment: 18 pages, 5 eps-figures, references and comments adde

Renormalization group improvement of truncated perturbative series in QCD. Decays of tau-lepton and eta_c-charmonium

We formulate a general scheme to improve the truncated perturbative expansion in alpha_s by means of the renormalization group in QCD for the single-scale quantities. The procedure is used for the evaluation of hadronic decay rates of tau-lepton and eta_c-charmonium. The scale dependence of result for eta_c is studied in the scheme of fixed value for the MS-bar mass of charmed quark.Comment: 10 pages, LaTeX file, 2 eps-figyres, referense adde