EXTRACELLULAR AND INTRACELLULAR SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES

ABSTRACTObjective: The cellular synthesis of nanoparticle is a green process and alternative for a conventional process for the preparation of silver nanoparticles.In our research, focus has been given to the development of an efficient and eco-friendly viable process for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles usingcancer and non-cancerous cells, a cell culture that was isolated. The results of this investigation are observed that silver nanoparticles could beinduced to synthesis intra- and extra-cellularly using mammalian cells such as cancerous and non-cancerous cells.Methods: The silver nanoparticles are synthesized by the cancer and non-cancerous cells such as HeLa (Homo sapiens, human), SiHa, and humanembryonic kidney-293 cell lines. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by ultraviolet (UV)-visible spectroscopy, transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD).Results: The silver nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance at 415 nm in UV-visible spectroscopy. The XRD confirms the characteristic of thecrystal lattice of silver nanoparticles by observing three peaks: Peak at 38 is due to reflection from (111), peak at 44 is due to reflection from (200),and peak at 65 is due to reflection from (220). TEM images showed the formation of stable silver nanoparticles in the cell lines.Conclusion: The method of extraction of intracellular/extracellular synthesis of silver nanoparticles was inexpensive, simple, and effective in largescale with no need to use of complex process equipment. The cancer cell considered as a biological factory at nanoscale dimension which continued togrow after synthesis of silver nanoparticles. The silver reduction by these cancer cells has occurred through energy-dependent processes that lead tothe high output of this reaction. Hence, this new approach of using a mammalian cell for the successful synthesis of nanosized silvers could be easilyscaled up, which establishes its commercial viability and also useful in the drug delivery and drug targeting.Keywords: Silver nanoparticles, Cancer cells, Biosynthesis and characteristics of silver nanoparticles.Â

HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF WOUND REGENERATION POTENTIAL OF TERMINALIA CHEBULA FRUITS

The objective of this investigation was to evaluate the histological and biochemical evaluation of wound healing potential of the ethanol extract ofTerminalia chebula fruits. Antibacterial activity and in vivo wound healing properties of the ethanol extract on infected lesions by reference strainsof Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 in Wistar rats were investigated. A total of 32 rats were divided intotwo groups such as control group and Group treated with an extract of T. chebula. Control groups infected, but not treated with any medicine. Theethanol extract has a real healing potential and antibacterial activity against reference strains used. In addition, Histological analysis of Granulatedtissue from treated group confirmed the regeneration of dermal wound with well-formed dermis and epidermis in the skin and then a tight bundle ofsynthesized collagen in the tissue. Therefore, these antibacterial properties and wound healing activities engage T. chebula in the process of developingan improved traditional medicine as alternative for existing therapy.Keywords: Wound infection, In vivo studies, Masson's trichrome staining and collagen

GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SUPERPARAMAGNETIC IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLE FROM FICUS CARICA FRUIT EXTRACT, CHARACTERIZATION STUDIES AND ITS APPLICATION ON DYE DEGRADATION STUDIES

ABSTRACTObjective: The synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) has become a matter of great interest in recent times due to their various advantageous propertiesand applications in a variety of fields. Metal NPs are being increasingly used in many sectors, and there is growing interest in the biological andenvironmental safety of their production.Methods: In this study, iron oxide NPs (Fe3O4-NPs) were synthesized from fruits of Ficus carica using a rapid, single step and completely greenbiosynthetic method by reduction of ferrous sulfate solution with F. carica ethanolic extract. The prepared Fe3O4-NPs were investigated by X-raydiffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy.Results: The report emphasizes the effect of superparamagnetic Fe3O4-NPs on the degradation rate of hazardous dyes acid blue.Conclusion: To conclude, Fe3O4-NPs were prepared from fruits of F. carica using a rapid, single step and completely green biosynthetic method byreduction of ferrous sulfate solution with F. carica ethanolic extract.Keywords: Ficus carica, Ethanolic extract, Reduction, Ferrous sulfate, Superparamagnetic iron oxide nano particles, Dye degradation.Â

Cloning and expression of S-Adenosyl Methionine Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain for large scale production of SAMe

S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Synthetase is an enzyme which catalyses the synthesis of S-Adenosyl Methionine using methionine and ATP. It is also known as AdoMet which is well known methyl donor, which modifies DNA, RNA, histones and other proteins, dictating replicational, transcriptional and translational fidelity, mismatch repair, chromatin modeling, epigenetic modifications and imprinting. The objective of the present work is to clone the SAMe Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain in order to express, characterize and purify it for further synthesis of SAMe in a large scale fermentation. Expression was induced by 1 mM IPTG and expressed protein was characterized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant E. coli cells were used for the production of SAMe through batch and fed batch fermentation operations. The produced SAMe was purified through paper chromatography in order to use it in our future studies

Spray Coated Cellulose Nanofiber Laminates on the Paper to Enhance Its Barrier and Mechanical Properties

Cellulose nanofiber (CNF) is a sustainable biomaterial to replace the synthetic plastics for coating on the paper to enhance their barrier and mechanical properties. Spraying CNF is a flexible process for fabricating barrier layers on the paper. Spraying CNF suspension vary from 0.5 wt.% to 1.5 wt.% on the paper substrates gives coat weight varied from 2.9±0.7 to 29.3±6.9 g/m2. As a result, CNF coat weights act as barrier layers and reduced the air permeance from 0.78±0.17 to < 0.003 μm/Pa.S. Sprayed CNF fills the surface pores in the paper and formed barrier layers as laminates on the paper evaluated via SEM. Coated CNF also increase the mechanical strength of the paper from 109.7±7 to 131.1±13.4 N while tailoring the coat weight vary from 2.9±0.7 to 29.3±6.9 g/m2. This process can be implemented in a roll to roll coating with an integration of sprayer for continuous process via scale up. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.620601

Hierarchical Structured Abstract File System

A method in a data processing system of searching a plurality of electronic files identified by filenames in a first hierarchical file structure that is on a recordable medium of the data processing system. A user-defined metalabel is assigned to each of the electronic files. The electronic files are organized as a function of the metalabels into a second hierarchical file structure existing simultaneously with the first hierarchical file structure on the recordable medium of the data processing system. A search query is received from a user and the metalabels of the second hierarchical file structure are searched as a function of the query. Each electronic file having a metalabel matching the query is returned to the user as a search result.Sponsorship: Illinois Institute of TechnologyUnited States Paten

Extraction of EPA/DHA from 18/12EE Fish Oil Using AgNO₃(aq): Composition, Yield, and Effects of Solvent Addition on Interfacial Tension and Flow Pattern in Mini-Fluidic Systems

Solvent extraction of Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) ethyl esters (Et) from 18/12EE fish oil was performed with an aqueous silver nitrate solution in a mini-fluidic reactor framework. The resulting extraction was compared within conventional stirred-tank reactors, with practical extraction yields of EPA-Et and DHA-Et approaching 60 to 70 wt %. Equilibrium was reached in less than 36 s at 10 °C, despite stratified flow being observed rather than previously reported slug-flow profiles in idealized fluid pairs at these scales. The deviation in flow pattern was attributed to a measured order of magnitude reduction in the interfacial tension between fish oils and AgNO₃ solution relative to idealized solvent mixtures using hexane/heptane as a carrier for purified EPA/DHA. The impact of solvent addition to fish oils on interfacial tension with silver nitrate solutions was subsequently explored through spinning drop tensiometry, suggesting that the heterogeneous nature of raw fish oils will yield significantly different flow patterns than previously considered in extraction studies utilizing AgNO₃ solutions. These results are applicable both to mini-fluidic systems and for the approximation of interfacial tension in fish oil/organic/aqueous extraction systems

Preliminary evaluation of anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities of Triphala

No Abstract.International Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences Vol. 3 (4) 2007: pp. 419-42

Colon Cancer Screening: Flu-FOBT

The Flu-FOBT Program is an innovative and effective way to increase colorectal cancer screening in primary care settings

Cloning and expression of S-Adenosyl Methionine Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain for large scale production of SAMe

Methionine using methionine and ATP. It is also known as AdoMet which is well known methyl donor, which Detchanamurthy, S. et al. 7 modifies DNA, RNA, histones and other proteins, dictating replicational, transcriptional and translational fidelity, mismatch repair, chromatin modeling, epigenetic modifications and imprinting. The objective of the present work is to clone the SAMe Synthetase gene in recombinant E. coli strain in order to express, characterize and purify it for further synthesis of SAMe in a large scale fermentation. Expression was induced by 1 mM IPTG and expressed protein was characterized by SDS-PAGE. The recombinant E. coli cells were used for the production of SAMe through batch and fed batch fermentation operations. The produced SAMe was purified through paper chromatography in order to use it in our future studies