Edge Networks & Devices for the Internet of Things

This paper considers how existing concepts underlying the development of the Internet are being strained in the emerging Internet of Things (IoT). It also explores how the well-known and tried Domain Name Service concepts, which map hierarchic names to addresses, can be extended for the IoT. The extension greatly broadens the concept of name/address mapping to digital objects with identi½er/attribute database mapping for physical objects, applications, and data. Finally, this essay discusses the properties of the identi½er management systems, showing how scalability, security, and flexibility can be supported in the IoT

Gateways for the Internet of Things: An Old Problem Revisited

An early paper in network interconnection outlined the choices between adoption and adaption of protocol structures at different levels of the early Internet. This paper revisits that theme in the light of the many advances of the last three decades, and the emergence of the Internet of Things. We maintain that there are close parallels between the variety of incompatible networks which were in vogue in the early days of the Internet and the current situation with domain-specific sensor and actuator systems in the Internet of Things. We point out that there is now much more agreement on the approach to basic services, and a more universal approach to adaption. While universal adoption of common technologies is still far distant, there has been a broad consensus on the use of the Internet and web services for the access to such systems. Because of the standardization in some of the levels of web services, particularly in the context of IPv6, a consistent architecture is defined and examples of possible implementations given

Open Multi-Purpose Gateway for Emergency Services Internetworking

Access to a variety of Networks will be a central part of technologies employed by future emergency responders. Incompatibilities are often introduced as a result of widely disparate uses and varying capabilities of devices, which must be resolved through internetworking. This requires devices such as gateways to connect these networks and enable communication to the furthest extent possible.This paper outlines a number of specific cases in which gateways may be used as well as the capabilities different available devices offer and how they can be used for multiple purposes in an Emergency Services context

Bone Is Not Essential for Osteoclast Activation

Background: The mechanism whereby bone activates resorptive behavior in osteoclasts, the cells that resorb bone, is unknown. It is known that avb3 ligands are important, because blockade of avb3 receptor signaling inhibits bone resorption, but this might be through inhibition of adhesion or migration rather than resorption itself. Nor is it known whether avb3 ligands are sufficient for resorption the consensus is that bone mineral is essential for the recognition of bone as the substrate appropriate for resorption. Methodology/Principal Findings: Vitronectin- but not fibronectin-coated coverslips induced murine osteoclasts to secrete tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase, as they do on bone. Osteoclasts incubated on vitronectin, unlike fibronectin, formed podosome belts on glass coverslips, and these were modulated by resorption-regulating cytokines. Podosome belts formed on vitronectin-coated surfaces whether the substrates were rough or smooth, rigid or flexible. We developed a novel approach whereby the substrate-apposed surface of cells can be visualized in the scanning electron microscope. With this approach, supported by transmission electron microscopy, we found that osteoclasts on vitronectin-coated surfaces show ruffled borders and clear zones characteristic of resorbing osteoclasts. Ruffles were obscured by a film if cells were incubated in the cathepsin inhibitor E64, suggesting that removal of the film represents substrate-degrading behavior. Analogously, osteoclasts formed resorption-like trails on vitronectin-coated substrates. Like bone resorption, these trails were dependent upon resorbogenic cytokines and were inhibited by E64. Bone mineral induced actin rings and surface excavation only if first coated with vitronectin. Fibronectin could not substitute in any of these activities, despite enabling adhesion and cell spreading. Conclusions/Significance: Our results show that ligands avb3 are not only necessary but sufficient for the induction of resorptive behavior in osteoclasts; and suggest that bone is recognized through its affinity for these ligands, rather than by its mechanical or topographical attributes, or through a putative ‘mineral receptor’

Action at a distance - demanding applications

We have many applications which are difficult to accommodate on the current WANs, though they operate reasonably over LANs. These demanding applications include, unicast, multicast and near-broadcast services. Normally these applications can be made to operate in a small scale over MANs and WANs; larger scale deployment requires resolution of a number of technical and managerial problems which we are starting to understand-but have not yet resolved. Where we have had access to the relevant facilities, we have shown that these demanding applications operate well on an international scale

Biological correlates of the Newcastle Scale in depressive illness: a multivariate approach.

Rapid eye movement latency (RL), delta max thyroid-stimulating hormone (dmTSH) and 1600 (DST16) and 2300 (DST23) post-dexamethasone cortisol values were determined in a group of 93 depressed patients who were assessed with the Newcastle Endogenous Depression Diagnostic Index (NEDDI). After the effects of age, gender and severity of illness were controlled for, stepwise multiple regression showed that depressive psychomotor activity and weight loss were the 2 NEDDI items most contributing to explain DST23 variance, as was depressive psychomotor activity for dmTSH variance. When the depressive sample was dichotomized according to the presence of these 2 items, the 2 groups had significantly different DST16, DST23, dmTSH and RL values. This suggests that weight loss, agitation and retardation could represent a core feature of a biologically mediated depressive subtype.Journal ArticleFLWNAinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishe