Cranberry and its application in pharmacy

Червената боровинка (Vaccinium vitis idaea) е позната и използвана от стотици години. Днес познаването на лечебните й качества е от голямо значение за използването ѝ в практиката. Растенията традиционно се използват в качеството им както на енергийни хранителни източници, така и като суровина за конвенционални лекарствени препарати. Съвременният прогрес на обществата до голяма степен е зависел от познанието и рационалното използване на този природен ресурс. Важна част от фармацията са именно лечебните растения. В тази връзка е безспорна важността на познаването и анализа на лечебните растения и в частност на червената боровинка. Благодарение на своя уникален химичен състав и свойства червената боровинка оказва благоприятно въздействие върху различни функции в организма, свързани с намаляване на риска от редица социално значими заболявания. Класификация на най-широко застъпените заболявания определя нефропатиите като един от най-сериозните и задълбочаващи се проблеми на съвремието. Те заемат трето място, след дихателните и сърдечно-съдови заболявания. Важно средство за поддържане нормално функциониране на уринарния тракт - при цистити, инфекции без уточнена локация, са именно биологично активните съединения, които се съдържат в червената боровинка - арбутин, хидрохинон, салидрозид, дъбилни вещества, флавоноиди и др. Червената боровинка има широко приложение при лечението на редица заболявания. Тя е с доказано положително действие в следните направления: антиоксидант; диуретик; антибакте риално и противовъзпалително средство. Нови проучвания доказват ефикасността й като антиалергично средство - предпазва от образуване на камъни в бъбреците; натрупване на мастни плаки; превенция на хипертония. Целта на настоящата статия е представяне и анализ на направленията за приложение на Vaccinium vitis idaea, значение за фармацевтичната практика, съвременни и нови аспекти на употреба.Cranberry (Vaccinium vitis idaea) has been known and used for hundreds of years. Today, the knowledge of its healing qualities is of great importance for its use in practice. Herbs are traditionally used as both energy sources and raw materials for conventional drugs. Contemporary progress of societies has largely depended on the knowledge and rational use of this natural resource. Medical drugs are an important part of pharmacy. In this respect, the importance of knowledge and analysis of healing herbs and, in particular, of cranberry is indisputable. Due to its unique chemical composition and properties, cranberry has a beneficial effect on various functions in the body associated with reducing the risk of a number of socially significant diseases. Classification of the most widely spread diseases defines nephropathies as one of the most serious and deepening problems of the present. They occupy the third place after respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. An important remedy for maintaining normal urinary tract function - in case of cystitis, infections without a specified location, is precisely the biologically active compounds contained in cranberries - arbutin, hydroquinone, salidroside, tanning substances flavonoids, etc. Cranberry is widely used in the treatment of a number of diseases. It has a proven positive action and is an antioxidant, diuretic, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agent. New studies prove its efficacy as an antiallergic agent. It protects against kidney stones; accumulation of fatty plaques; prevention of hypertension. The purpose of this article is to present and analyze the directions for the application of Vaccinium vitis idaea, its importance for pharmaceutical practice, the modern and new aspects of its use

New trends in pharmacy development - 3D printing of drugs

3D принтирането е актуална тема в сферата на фармацията. То притежава голям потенциал на приложение и е революционна технология, която задава изцяло нови алтернативи в развитието на фармацевтичния сектор. Внедряването на 3D принтирането ще направи възможно създаването на лекарства и лекарствени форми, които да отговарят на индивидуалните нужди и особености на пациентите. Същевременно, благодарение на тази иновация, ще се подобри значително процесът на изпитване на лекарства, което ще се извършва върху принтирани модели на човешки клетки. Това ще га-рантира по-висока ефективност, ефикасност и безопасност на одобрените за производство лекарствени продукти. 3D принтирането вече е доказало предимствата си в здравеопазването: лекари използват 3D принтери за прототипиране и създаване на протези и импланти за пациенти с травми и за симулация на сложни хирургически манипулации. Зъболекарите го използват, за да приготвят копие на челюстта и зъбите, както и за изработване на дентални импланти. Технологиите за 3D принтиране на лекарства биха могли да осъществят своеобразна революция във фармацевтичната индустрия, като разходите за проучване, разработка и производството на лекарства значително ще намалеят. Тази иновативна технология ще направи по-рентабилно за фармацевтичните компании да проучват лекарства за редки заболявания и в крайна сметка да направят самия продукт по-достъпен. 3D принтирането навлиза бързо във фармацията и ще играе голяма роля в бъдеще като важна част от индивидуализираните здравни грижи.3D printing is a hot topic in the field of pharmacy. It has a great potential for application and represents a revolutionary technology that sets entirely new alternatives to the development of the pharmaceutical sector. The implementation of 3D printing will make it possible to create drugs and pharmaceutical forms that meet the individual needs and specifics of patients. At the same time, thanks to this innovation, the drug testing process, which will be done on printed human cell models will improve significantly that will be carried out on printed human cell models. This will ensure greater efficiency, efficacy and safety of approved for manufacturing drugs. 3D printing has already proven its benefits in the healthcare sector: doctors use 3D printers for prototyping and creating protheses and implants for patients with physical trauma and for simulation of complex surgical manipulations. Dentists use it to make copies of the jaw and teeth as well as to make dental implants. 3D printing drug technologies could revolutionize the pharmaceutical industry - in result, the cost of researching, developing and producing drugs will significantly decrease. This innovative technology will make it more cost-effective for pharmaceutical companies to research orphan drugs and finally to make the product itself more accessible. 3D printing is entering the pharmacy quickly and will play a bigger role in future as an important part of individualized healthcare

Irrigation protocol in endodontics—a review

For an endodontic treatment to be successful, the pulp tissue and dentin debris from the root canal system must be removed, and the root canal system must also be chemically and mechanically cleaned. The solutions most commonly used in endodontic therapy are: hypochlorite, citric acid, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), saline or distilled water, and alcohol. Irrigation solutions must eliminate microorganisms, affect both organic and inorganic matter, remove the smeared layer and stimulate the healing process. During the shaping of the canal space without irrigants, the canal contents are evacuated to varying degrees, and some are pushed apically and towards the walls, resulting in the creation of a dense contaminant layer. As a result, irrigation is quite important

Inhomogeneous States in Magnetics and Quasionedimensional Conductors

Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Deep venous thrombosis in the clinical course of pulmonary embolism.

The aim of the study is to find how concomitant deep venous thrombosis (DVT) changes the clinical course of pulmonary embolism

Recognition of unprovoked (idiopathic) pulmonary embolism – prospective observational study.

Background: The assessment of the clinical symptoms is the weakest link of the pulmonaryembolism (PE) diagnostic algorithm. Despite the presence of highly sensitive and specificimaging methods, verifying PE remains difficult due to nonspecific clinical symptoms andfrequently its subclinical course.Objective: The aim of this study is to improve the recognition of PE by investigating the clinicalpresentation and short-term prognosis of unprovoked PE in comparison to provoked PE. Thestudy was directed to patients who suffer from PE as a primary disease.Methods: This prospective observational study included 331 patients with PE, approved bycomputer tomographic pulmoangiography. They were categorized as having unprovoked orprovoked PE, according to their epidemiological data. The clinical characteristics and one-monthmortality rate were compared between both groups.Results: About 67% of the patients had provoking factors and ~33% had unprovoked PE. Thepatients in the unprovoked PE-group were younger compared to provoked PE-group(56.67±17.95 vs 63.76±14.58, p<0.0001) and the males predominated vs females (62.04% vs37.96%, p=0.012). The patients with unprovoked PE had more previous thromboembolic eventscompared to provoked PE-group (30.56% vs 19.45%, p=0.022) and a larger thrombotic burden(p=0.001). Dyspnea (85.18% vs 85.13%), chest pain (47.22% vs 46.85%), cough (43.92% vs45.94%), hemoptysis (16.67% vs 14.41%), hemodynamic instability (9.26% vs 8.56%), deepvenous thrombosis (49.51% vs 44.5%) had similar frequencies in both groups. No significantdifferences in the means of systolic pressure of arteria pulmonalis, D-dimer, arterial blood gases,Revised Geneva probability score were found. One-month mortality was lower in unprovokedPE-group than in provoked (1.85% vs 8.52%, p=0.042).Conclusions: Unprovoked PE occurs at a younger age, more frequently in males. It ischaracterized by the following significant variables: higher Wells score, lower PESI score, lowerCRP, higher thrombotic burden and lower one-month mortality rate, compared to provoked PE

The Institutional Foundations of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century/ Elena G. Popkova, Artem Krivtsov, Aleksei V. Bogoviz.

In English.The development of the Digital Economy has been a landmark breakthrough for economic systems in the 21st century, as it opens up opportunities for the full-scale implementation of new digital technologies and the optimization of economic activities. While the conceptual essence and specific features of the digital economy are described in detail in the existing literature, the practical foundations of its formation are poorly studied. In this book, the digital economy is studied from the perspective of neo-institutional economic theory. This allows for the tracking of the process of formation (institutionalization) of the digital economy, determining the basic institutions that are necessary for its formation and that exist in modern economic practice, and analyzing scenarios for the future development of the digital economy in the 21st century.Frontmatter -- Contents -- Digital Economy in the 21 Century: An Introduction to the Institutional Approach -- Part I: The Scientific Concept of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 1 Digital Economy as a Modern Type of Economic System -- 2 “Digitalization”- Overcoming Institutional Barriers -- 3 Development of the Information Technologies Sector in Latvia under Globalization -- 4 The Principles of Functioning and Priorities of Development of the Digital Economy -- 5 Classification of Breakthrough Digital Technologies and the Perspectives of Their Application in Economy -- Part II: The Process of Digital Economy Institutionalization in the 21st Century -- 6 The Essence and Logic of the Process of Sectorial Markets' Digital Transformation -- 7 The Current Tendencies of Economy Digitalization in Developed and Developing Countries -- 8 The Main Stages of the Digital Modernization of Economy -- 9 Implementation of Cluster Initiatives in the Digital Sphere as a Tool of Digital Entrepreneurship's Institutionalization -- 10 Institutions of Support for Digital Entrepreneurship: Special Economic Zones, Innovative Networks and Technological Parks -- Part III: Meso-Level Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 11 Digitalization of Regional Economy: Problems and Perspectives -- 12 The Institutional Model of the Digital Economy Creation in a Modern Region -- 13 Managing a Modern Region Based on Digital Technologies -- Part IV: Macro-Level Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 14 State Institutional Regulation of Economy Digital Modernization -- 15 The Role of Financial Institutions in Supporting the Digital Economy -- 16 Digital Economy of the 21st Century: A View from the Positions of Developed and Developing Countries -- Part V: The Global Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 17 International Trade in the Digital Sphere: Barriers and Prospects for Development -- 18 The Existing and Perspective International Institutions for Supporting Digital Transformation of Economy -- 19 The Scientific and Methodological Approach to Provision and Evaluation of the Digital Economy's Global Competitiveness -- 20 The Strategy of Optimal Development of the Digital Economy: A View from the Positions of Game Theory -- 21 The Institutional Model of Well-Balanced and Sustainable Digital Economy -- 22 The Institutional Mechanism of Managing the Digital Economy's Development -- Part VI: Case Studies of Institutions of the Digital Economy in the 21st Century -- 23 Problems and Prospects of Economic Cooperation Between Russia and Mexico -- 24 Innovative Critical Success Factors for Public - Private Partnerships (PPP) in Infrastructure Projects of Developing Countries. A Case of Zambia -- 25 Prediction Mechanism of the Territorial Socio-Economic Processes in Formation of the Information Systems -- 26 Specific Economic Security Regulations in the Context of Pathological Crises of Digital Transformation of Agricultural Organizations -- Conclusion: Institutional Perspectives of the Digital Economy's Development in the 21st Century -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- Index.1 online resource (XI, 258 p.)