The Nature Drawings of Peter Karklins

https://via.library.depaul.edu/museum-publications/1010/thumbnail.jp

Species Interactions during Diversification and Community Assembly in an Island Radiation of Shrews

Closely related, ecologically similar species often have adjacent distributions, suggesting competitive exclusion may contribute to the structure of some natural communities. In systems such as island archipelagos, where speciation is often tightly associated with dispersal over oceanic barriers, competitive exclusion may prevent population establishment following inter-island dispersal and subsequent cladogenesis.) species in the Philippines are the result of competitive exclusion preventing secondary invasion of occupied islands. We first compare ecological niche models between two widespread, allopatric species and find statistical support for their ecological similarity, implying that competition for habitat between these species is possible. We then examine dispersion patterns among sympatric species and find some signal for overdispersion of body size, but not for phylogenetic branch length. Finally, we simulate the process of inter-island colonization under a stochastic model of dispersal lacking ecological forces. Results are dependent on the geographic scope and colonization probability employed. However, some combinations suggest that the number of inter-island dispersal events necessary to populate the archipelago may be much higher than the minimum number of colonization events necessary to explain current estimates of species richness and phylogenetic relationships. If our model is appropriate, these results imply that alternative factors, such as competitive exclusion, may have influenced the process of inter-island colonization and subsequent cladogenesis.We interpret the combined results as providing tenuous evidence that similarity in body size may prevent co-occurrence in Philippine shrews and that competitive exclusion among ecologically similar species, rather than an inability to disperse among islands, may have limited diversification in this group, and, possibly other clades endemic to island archipelagos

Loci influencing blood pressure identified using a cardiovascular gene-centric array

Blood pressure (BP) is a heritable determinant of risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). To investigate genetic associations with systolic BP (SBP), diastolic BP (DBP), mean arterial pressure (MAP) and pulse pressure (PP), we genotyped 50 000 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that capture variation in 2100 candidate genes for cardiovascular phenotypes in 61 619 individuals of European ancestry from cohort studies in the USA and Europe. We identified novel associations between rs347591 and SBP (chromosome 3p25.3, in an intron of HRH1) and between rs2169137 and DBP (chromosome1q32.1 in an intron of MDM4) and between rs2014408 and SBP (chromosome 11p15 in an intron of SOX6), previously reported to be associated with MAP. We also confirmed 10 previously known loci associated with SBP, DBP, MAP or PP (ADRB1, ATP2B1, SH2B3/ATXN2, CSK, CYP17A1, FURIN, HFE, LSP1, MTHFR, SOX6) at array-wide significance (P 2.4 10(6)). We then replicated these associations in an independent set of 65 886 individuals of European ancestry. The findings from expression QTL (eQTL) analysis showed associations of SNPs in the MDM4 region with MDM4 expression. We did not find any evidence of association of the two novel SNPs in MDM4 and HRH1 with sequelae of high BP including coronary artery disease (CAD), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) or stroke. In summary, we identified two novel loci associated with BP and confirmed multiple previously reported associations. Our findings extend our understanding of genes involved in BP regulation, some of which may eventually provide new targets for therapeutic intervention.</p

World Health Organization cardiovascular disease risk charts: revised models to estimate risk in 21 global regions

BACKGROUND: To help adapt cardiovascular disease risk prediction approaches to low-income and middle-income countries, WHO has convened an effort to develop, evaluate, and illustrate revised risk models. Here, we report the derivation, validation, and illustration of the revised WHO cardiovascular disease risk prediction charts that have been adapted to the circumstances of 21 global regions. METHODS: In this model revision initiative, we derived 10-year risk prediction models for fatal and non-fatal cardiovascular disease (ie, myocardial infarction and stroke) using individual participant data from the Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration. Models included information on age, smoking status, systolic blood pressure, history of diabetes, and total cholesterol. For derivation, we included participants aged 40-80 years without a known baseline history of cardiovascular disease, who were followed up until the first myocardial infarction, fatal coronary heart disease, or stroke event. We recalibrated models using age-specific and sex-specific incidences and risk factor values available from 21 global regions. For external validation, we analysed individual participant data from studies distinct from those used in model derivation. We illustrated models by analysing data on a further 123 743 individuals from surveys in 79 countries collected with the WHO STEPwise Approach to Surveillance. FINDINGS: Our risk model derivation involved 376 177 individuals from 85 cohorts, and 19 333 incident cardiovascular events recorded during 10 years of follow-up. The derived risk prediction models discriminated well in external validation cohorts (19 cohorts, 1 096 061 individuals, 25 950 cardiovascular disease events), with Harrell's C indices ranging from 0·685 (95% CI 0·629-0·741) to 0·833 (0·783-0·882). For a given risk factor profile, we found substantial variation across global regions in the estimated 10-year predicted risk. For example, estimated cardiovascular disease risk for a 60-year-old male smoker without diabetes and with systolic blood pressure of 140 mm Hg and total cholesterol of 5 mmol/L ranged from 11% in Andean Latin America to 30% in central Asia. When applied to data from 79 countries (mostly low-income and middle-income countries), the proportion of individuals aged 40-64 years estimated to be at greater than 20% risk ranged from less than 1% in Uganda to more than 16% in Egypt. INTERPRETATION: We have derived, calibrated, and validated new WHO risk prediction models to estimate cardiovascular disease risk in 21 Global Burden of Disease regions. The widespread use of these models could enhance the accuracy, practicability, and sustainability of efforts to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease worldwide. FUNDING: World Health Organization, British Heart Foundation (BHF), BHF Cambridge Centre for Research Excellence, UK Medical Research Council, and National Institute for Health Research

MAAP-Project/maap-documentation: 2.0.0

&lt;p&gt;This is the MAAP v2 documentation. Some features are still in active development for v3 but we created this tag to allow browsing of the historical document before new platform features roll out.&lt;/p&gt

MAAP-Project/maap-documentation: 3.1.0

&lt;h2&gt;What's Changed&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Feature/devfile disclaimer by @grallewellyn in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/167&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Getting started refresh by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/183&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Fix build configuration that broke by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/187&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Delete trigger-gitlab.yml by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/188&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Getting started overhaul by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/184&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Update searching_edsc_gui.ipynb by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/199&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Updated science_examples.rst - GEDI_02B by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/201&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Changed tutorial names by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/200&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Refine jupyter notebook kernel installation doc by @sdradsb in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/203&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Update science_examples.rst #205 by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/206&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Afrisar name updates by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/209&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;stac api docs URL fixed by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/212&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Add stac ipyleaflet docs by @emmalu in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/190&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;MAAP CMR and .ops updates by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/213&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Link fixes by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/217&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Patch to custom env docs by @emileten in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/197&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;catalog.rst link updates by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/216&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;HLS VEDA guidelines by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/219&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;HLS VEDA Guidelines Fix by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/250&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Broken Science Tutorial Fixes by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/218&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;add missing reference to example yaml files notebook, and clarify section about env update based on a config file by @emileten in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/252&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;HLS guidelines by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/255&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GEDI L3 VEDA Guidelines by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/254&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GEDI L2B VEDA Guidelines by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/258&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;GEDI_L4B VEDA Guidelines Updates by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/262&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;add sphinx_copybutton by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/265&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;updated images and description to include new STAC slider by @emmalu in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/221&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Update running_at_scale.ipynb by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/215&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;srtm stac fixes by @smk0033 in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/261&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;copied Marjorie's changes related to copy-code button by @rtapella in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/266&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Broken technical fixes by @sdradsb in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/253&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;h2&gt;New Contributors&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;@smk0033 made their first contribution in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/201&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;@emmalu made their first contribution in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/190&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full Changelog&lt;/strong&gt;: https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/compare/3.0.0...3.1.0&lt;/p&gt

MAAP-Project/maap-documentation: 3.0.0

&lt;p&gt;Major re-organization of the documentation along with new features, including STAC, updating job management, and new Science examples.&lt;/p&gt

MAAP-Project/maap-documentation: 3.0.1

&lt;h2&gt;What's Changed&lt;/h2&gt; &lt;ul&gt; &lt;li&gt;Feature/devfile disclaimer by @grallewellyn in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/167&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Fix build configuration that broke by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/187&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Delete trigger-gitlab.yml by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/188&lt;/li&gt; &lt;li&gt;Chore: frequent release by @wildintellect in https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/pull/189&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Full Changelog&lt;/strong&gt;: https://github.com/MAAP-Project/maap-documentation/compare/3.0.0...3.0.1&lt;/p&gt