A mathematical framework for inverse wave problems in heterogeneous media

This paper provides a theoretical foundation for some common formulations of inverse problems in wave propagation, based on hyperbolic systems of linear integro-differential equations with bounded and measurable coefficients. The coefficients of these time-dependent partial differential equations respresent parametrically the spatially varying mechanical properties of materials. Rocks, manufactured materials, and other wave propagation environments often exhibit spatial heterogeneity in mechanical properties at a wide variety of scales, and coefficient functions representing these properties must mimic this heterogeneity. We show how to choose domains (classes of nonsmooth coefficient functions) and data definitions (traces of weak solutions) so that optimization formulations of inverse wave problems satisfy some of the prerequisites for application of Newton's method and its relatives. These results follow from the properties of a class of abstract first-order evolution systems, of which various physical wave systems appear as concrete instances. Finite speed of propagation for linear waves with bounded, measurable mechanical parameter fields is one of the by-products of this theory

Criminal Law and Procedure—Right to Prompt Trial Not Lost by Incarcerated Prisoner Where Request For New Trial Not Forwarded To Prosecutor By Prison Authorities

People v. Masselli, 13 N.Y.2d 1, 191 N.E.2d 457, 240 N.Y.S.2d 976 (1963)

Precambrian Basement Influence on the Deposition of the Upper Ordovician Utica Shale Play in East Central Ohio

The Ordovician Utica shale play is a major oil and gas producing interval in the Appalachian Basin. The Utica shale play can be found as far as New York and Canada and to the south into Indiana and Kentucky. The play consists of the Trenton/Lexington limestones, Point Pleasant Formation, and Utica shale. The shallow marine fossiliferous limestones of the Trenton and shallow marine shaley limestones of the Lexington are overlain by an interbedded shale and limestone of the Point Pleasant Formation, which grade into the deeper marine interbedded shales and limey shales of the Utica. These formations are highly heterogeneous, varying not only vertically but laterally as well. Pockets of preferential carbonate deposition in a primarily siliciclastic formation or vice versa have been noted throughout the basin, which also contain pockets of organic matter enrichment. Controls on deposition have been studied on a global (eustatic) scale, or at large scales across the basin. This research studies the Utica shale system on a county scale, detailing potential structural influences on deposition. A combination of core and well log analyses were used to create detailed structure and isopach maps across east central Ohio. Results show that there are areas of thickening of the underlying carbonate platform (Trenton/Lexington limestones) overlain by thin fine-grained siliciclastic deposits (Utica/Point Pleasant), suggesting movement of basement blocks along pre-existing Proterozoic basement faults creating localize topographic highs and lows. The Utica shale also thickens along the northern side of the study area, suggesting that the Sebree Trough further extends into northeastern Ohio. This research: (1) helps formalize the Utica shale in Ohio; (2) provide evidence for Sebree Trough extension into northeast Ohio; and (3) further demonstrates the reactivation of structures throughout the formation history of the Appalachian Basin

Empirical and Statistical Application Modeling Using on -Chip Performance Monitors.

To analyze the performance of applications and architectures, both programmers and architects desire formal methods to explain anomalous behavior. To this end, we present various methods that utilize non-intrusive, performance-monitoring hardware only recently available on microprocessors to provide further explanations of observed behavior. All the methods attempt to characterize and explain the instruction-level parallelism achieved by codes on different architectures. We also present a prototype tool automating the analysis process to exploit the advantages of the empirical and statistical methods proposed. The empirical, statistical and hybrid methods are discussed and explained with case study results provided. The given methods further the wealth of tools available to programmer\u27s and architects for generally understanding the performance of scientific applications. Specifically, the models and tools presented provide new methods for evaluating and categorizing application performance. The empirical memory model serves to quantify the hierarchical memory performance of applications by inferring the incurred latencies of codes after the effect of latency hiding techniques are realized. The instruction-level model and its extensions model on-chip performance analytically giving insight into inherent performance bottlenecks in superscalar architectures. The statistical model and its hybrid extension provide other methods of categorizing codes via their statistical variations. The PTERA performance tool automates the use of performance counters for use by these methods across platforms making the modeling process easier still. These unique methods provide alternatives to performance modeling and categorizing not available previously in an attempt to utilize the inherent modeling capabilities of performance monitors on commodity processors for scientific applications

Personal And Real Property—The Formula For Compensation In Condemnation Proceedings—Reproduction Cost Less Depreciation

Marraro v. State of New York, 12 N.Y.2d 285, 189 N.E.2d 606, 239 N.Y.S.2d 105 (1963)

Necessary Factors for the Creation of a Master\u27s Degree In Commercial Music

The purpose of this study is to determine the necessary elements and important factors in a “Plan to Plan” to create a Master’s Degree in Commercial Music that will lead to eventual accreditation by the National Association of Schools of Music (NASM). This study poses the question: What essential elements and salient factors are considered important by Music Industry Leaders, Academic Music Executives, previous Commercial Music Graduates, and the appropriate accrediting body for the creation of a Master’s degree program in Commercial Music? The creation of a new graduate program of study, such as this, must include the ability for managing change while creating an environment conducive for life-long learning and the pursuit of knowledge. Results from the literature review on new program creation suggested many Schools of Music have created programs based on a reactionary approach that does not address planning for inevitable change. The literature recommends that program creation should be strategically planned to manage change including the use of a vision shared by all constituents thus helping to avoid past mistakes made by other institutions. The “Plan to Plan” created in this study helps to address many of these issues.The results from research utilizing the three groups chosen for participation identified 31 factors suggested by these groups as necessary for the creation of the new program. All 31 factors were placed in one of the eight categories identified as necessary by NASM. The categories set forth by NASM as required criteria for plan and final approval are strengthened and possibly made more specific by the results of this study. Real world instruction and real world interaction was supported by Music Industry Leaders and former graduates; and Music Executives emphasize the need to maintain artistic standards. NASM requires inclusion of both. Results of this study seem to indicate the need for collaborative work between industry leaders and higher education institutions in a possible consortium relationship. The need for a shared vision for all constituents, as discussed in the literature, was reinforced through the research. This collaboration may be the most necessary factor for creation of the Master’s degree in Commercial Music

Criminal Law and Procedure—Admissibility Of Exculpatory Portions Of A Defendant’s Statement After Incriminating Portions Have Been Allowed Into Evidence

People v. Gallo, 12 N.Y.2d 12, 186 N.E.2d 401, 234 N.Y.S.2d 193 (1962)