Mineralogy of the inclusions and age of zircon from granite basement of Verkhnerechensk area (Yamal peninsula)

The study of minerals-prisoners in accessory zircons is gradually evolving into an important geological-petrological task. Such a study can show not only the earliest mineral rock association, but also evaluate the “sealed” mineral paragenesis of zircon, which in turn indicates whether the accessory zircon is native to the host rock or redeposited (alien). In the present work, the mineralogy of zircon from granitoids of the crystalline basement of the Verkhnerechensk oil-exploration area (the southern part of the Yamal Peninsula, Western Siberia) has been studied. Granitoids are represented by homogeneous light gray fine-grained variety of biotite-quartz-feldspar composition and refer to monzoleucogranite, which formed over the sedimentary substrate, most likely under conditions of late orogenic surrounding. The time of magmatic intrusion and crystallization of granites according to the data of U-Pb dating of zircon (measurements carried out on the ion microprobe SHRIMP-II) is estimated as Late Permian (254.0 ± 3.0 (MSWD = 1.6) Ma). It is established that inclusions in zircon are represented by various minerals - fluorapatite, titanite, monazite-(Ce), albite, quartz, chamosite and calcite. The last two minerals, apparently, were not formed together with zircon, but are later secondary minerals formed as a result of the propylization of the rock. The time of secondary changes in the granitoid supposedly occurred in the Late Triassic, as one of the zircons gave a U-Pb dating of 204.7 ± 2.6 Ma. In general, accessory zircons and mineral inclusions contained in them belong to the “granite” association, and, apparently, are native to the enclosing monzoleucogranite

Exhaustion of remedies as a criterion for admissibility of an application to the European Court of Human Rights: the Russian legal system

Discusses the obligation to exhaust effective domestic remedies in the Russian context

Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights On Alternative Civilian Service

Kirill Koroteev considers whether there is a right to alternative civil service under the European Convention on Human Rights

Supervisory review procedure in civil proceedings: new reforms needed

Kirill Koroteev (Memorial/EHRAC) analyses the steps taken to reform supervisory review in civil proceedings (arguing that they do not go far enough)

Remedies for human rights violations in Chechnya : the approach of the European Court in context

This article discusses human rights violations in Chechnya. When the armed conflict in Chechnya - officially called a 'counter-terrorist operation' - commenced in 1999, extrajudicial executions, indiscriminate bombardment, torture and disappearances were committed by Russian forces on a large scale. The first judgments of the ECtHR, handed down in February 2005 addressing those atrocities, have been followed, at the time of writing, by more than 70 further judgments. In all of the cases, Russia was found in violation of ECHR rights and required to pay compensation to the applicants

The interpretation of Constitutional Rights in accordance with the European Convention on Human Rights

Kirill Koroteev (Memorial/EHRAC) discusses the differing ways in which European states have brought the European Convention into force in their respective domestic legal systems, and the varying status of the Convention in domestic law, as a result

Political prisoners in contemporary Georgia

This article reports on problems in relation to political prisoners within contemporary Georgia. The issue of political prisoners in Georgia did not disappear following the 2003 'Rose Revolution'. After coming to power, President Saakashvili released those who had been considered as political prisoners under the rule of President Shevarnadze, but the policies of the new administration against the opposition forced civil society to raise the issue anew. The former Public Defender, Mr Sozar Subari, issued reports on the matter, naming a number of persons as political prisoners, and the US Department of State dedicated a chapter of its 2008 Human Rights Report: Georgia to this problem. A commission comprising representatives of Georgian NGOs, albeit under the aegis of the Georgian Conservative Party, sits regularly to discuss whether a convicted person is actually a political prisoner