Manganese and cobalt levels in hair and urine of RUDN University first-year students

The objective of the present study was to assess hair and urinary levels of cobalt (Co) and manganese (Mn) in foreign students of RUDN University in comparison to the Russian counterparts. A total of 272 first-year students of the RUDN University originating from Russia, Asia, Middle East, Africa, and Latin America were enrolled in the study. Evaluation of Mn and Co levels in urine and hair was performed using inductively-coupled plasma mass-spectrometry. The obtained data demonstrate that hair cobalt levels were found to be the highest in students originating from Russia and Africa. Similarly, urinary Co levels in subjects from Asia, Middle East, and Latin America were significantly lower than those in the Russian students. The patterns of manganese status were generally similar to those observed for cobalt. Particularly, the lowest hair Mn content was detected in subjects originating from Middle East. Manganese level in urine of students from Africa was significantly higher than that in subjects from Asia, Middle East, and Latin America, but not Russia. It is proposed that specific national dietary patterns as well as geochemistry of Mn and Co may underlie the observed differences

Особенности взаимосвязи элементного состава и иммунных реакций у представителей этнодемографических групп Северо-Востока России

The content of some chemical elements that support immune responses (selenium, zinc, iron, iodine) was analyzed among representatives of the ethno-demographic groups of the North-East of Russia - natives (Chukchi, Koryaks, Evens), mestizos, and newcomers. A potential risk group for the development of hyposelenoses is the Koryak ethnic group. The minimum values of zinc were found among the Chukchi. In representatives of all ethno-demographic groups, the iron content was within the reference values, but its maximum values were noted in the newcomers. The maximum iodine levels are also characteristic of the newcomers. Comparable iodine content was noted in the Evens group. Features of the elemental status (selenium, zinc, iron, iodine) in the inhabitants of the north indicate that among the ethno-demographic groups, it is the aboriginal ethnic groups that are most predisposed to the development of immunodeficiency states.У представителей этнодемографических групп Северо-Востока России - аборигенов (чукчи, коряки, эвены), метисов, пришлых жителей проведен анализ содержания некоторых химических элементов, поддерживающих иммунные реакции (селен, цинк, железо, йод). Потенциальной группой риска по развитию гипоселенозов является корякский этнос. Минимальные значения цинка выявлены у чукчей. У представителей всех этнодемографических групп содержание железа находилось в пределах референтных значений, но его максимальные значения отмечены у пришлых жителей, Максимальные показатели йода также характерны для пришлых жителей. Сопоставимое содержание йода отмечено в группе эвенов. Особенности элементного статуса (селен, цинк, железо, йод) у жителей Севера свидетельствуют, что среди этнодемографических групп именно аборигенные этносы наиболее предрасположены к развитию иммунодефицитных состояний

Биоремедиация загрязненных почв пестицидами с использованием микроорганизмов - ситуация в Колумбии

The analysis of the scientific literature on the subject of bioremediation in Latin America countries shows that due to the excessive and uncontrolled use of pesticides in agriculture, there are negative impacts on the environment, mainly on soil and water, as well as on human health. However, through processes such as bioremediation, which utilize the metabolic potential of microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi, it is possible to reduce the impact of pesticides on the environment and human health, which are key factors for achieving sustainable development. Colombia has a severe pesticide pollution problem, as the uncontrolled use of pesticides has affected not only the environment but also human health. Thus, bioremediation is a good alternative to the restoration of a polluted environment and the reduction of its impact on human health.Проведенный анализ научной литературы по тематике биоремидиации в странах Латинской Америки свидетельствует, что из-за чрезмерного и бесконтрольного использования пестицидов в сельском хозяйстве возникают негативные воздействия на окружающую среду, в основном на почву и воду, а также на здоровье человека. Но благодаря таким процессам, как биоремедиация, в которых используется метаболический потенциал микроорганизмов, таких как бактерии и грибы, можно уменьшить воздействие пестицидов на окружающую среду и здоровье человека, что является одним из основных факторов для достижения устойчивого развития. В Колумбии существует серьезная проблема, связанная с загрязнением пестицидами, поскольку неконтролируемое использование пестицидов повлияло не только на окружающую среду, но и на здоровье человека. Таким образом, биоремедиация является хорошей альтернативой восстановлению загрязненной окружающей среды и уменьшению ее воздействия на здоровье человека

Biologically Active Supplements Affecting Producer Microorganisms in Food Biotechnology: A Review

Microorganisms, fermentation processes, and the resultant metabolic products are a key driving force in biotechnology and, in particular, in food biotechnology. The quantity and/or quality of final manufactured food products are directly related to the efficiency of the metabolic processes of producer microorganisms. Food BioTech companies are naturally interested in increasing the productivity of their biotechnological production lines. This could be achieved via either indirect or direct influence on the fundamental mechanisms governing biological processes occurring in microbial cells. This review considers an approach to improve the efficiency of producer microorganisms through the use of several types of substances or complexes affecting the metabolic processes of microbial producers that are of interest for food biotechnology, particularly fermented milk products. A classification of these supplements will be given, depending on their chemical nature (poly- and oligosaccharides; poly- and oligopeptides, individual amino acids; miscellaneous substances, including vitamins and other organic compounds, minerals, and multicomponent supplements), and the approved results of their application will be comprehensively surveyed

Biologically Active Supplements Affecting Producer Microorganisms in Food Biotechnology: A Review

Microorganisms, fermentation processes, and the resultant metabolic products are a key driving force in biotechnology and, in particular, in food biotechnology. The quantity and/or quality of final manufactured food products are directly related to the efficiency of the metabolic processes of producer microorganisms. Food BioTech companies are naturally interested in increasing the productivity of their biotechnological production lines. This could be achieved via either indirect or direct influence on the fundamental mechanisms governing biological processes occurring in microbial cells. This review considers an approach to improve the efficiency of producer microorganisms through the use of several types of substances or complexes affecting the metabolic processes of microbial producers that are of interest for food biotechnology, particularly fermented milk products. A classification of these supplements will be given, depending on their chemical nature (poly- and oligosaccharides; poly- and oligopeptides, individual amino acids; miscellaneous substances, including vitamins and other organic compounds, minerals, and multicomponent supplements), and the approved results of their application will be comprehensively surveyed

Novel Highly Efficient Antibacterial Chitosan-Based Films

In this study, we elaborated new chitosan-based films reinforced by iron(III)-containing chitosan nanoparticles Fe(III)-CS-NPs at different concentrations. We found that the optimum concentration of Fe(III)-CS-NPs for the improvement of antibacterial and mechanical properties of the films was 10% (σb = ca. 8.8 N/mm2, εb = ca. 41%, inhibition zone for S. aureus = ca. 16.8 mm and for E. coli = ca. 11.2 mm). Also, using the click-chemistry approach (thiol–ene reaction), we have synthesized a novel water-soluble cationic derivative of chitin. The addition of this derivative of chitin to the chitosan polymer matrix of the elaborated film significantly improved its mechanical (σb = ca. 11.6 N/mm2, εb = ca. 75%) and antimicrobial (inhibition zone for S. aureus = ca. 19.6 mm and for E. coli = ca. 14.2 mm) properties. The key mechanism of the antibacterial action of the obtained films is the disruption of the membranes of bacterial cells. The elaborated antibacterial films are of interest for potential biomedical and food applications

Aurophilic Interactions in Cationic Three-Coordinate Gold(I) Bipyridyl/Isocyanide Complex

Gold(I) isocyanide complexes featuring Au···Au interactions attract considerable attention because of their tunable photophysical properties. Although the synthetic exploration of isocyanide gold(I) complexes seems reasonable, their structural diversity is mainly limited to linear gold(I) derivatives. The synthesis and structural characterization of cationic three-coordinate gold(I) mixed 2,2′-bipyridyl/isocyanide complex are presented here for the first time. Cationic gold species form supramolecular dimers in the solid state via attractive Au···Au interactions. The nature and energies of aurophilic contacts, which are responsible for dimerization in the solid state, were studied by DFT calculations together with QTAIM, ELF, RDG, and NCI techniques and Hirshfeld surface analysis. The estimated energy of the aurophilic interactions was 6.3 kcal/mol

Benzothiazole Derivatives of Chitosan and Their Derived Nanoparticles: Synthesis and In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Effects

In this work, we focused on synthesizing and assessing novel chitosan-based antibacterial polymers and their nanoparticles by incorporating benzothiazole substituents. The growing resistance to antibiotics has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial compounds. This study aimed to synthesize and evaluate chitosan-based polymers and nanoparticles with benzothiazole substituents for their antibacterial properties and toxicity. The benzothiazole derivatives of chitosan and their nanoparticles were synthesized through electrochemical coupling. The in vivo antibacterial efficacy was tested on white rats with induced peritonitis using a microbial suspension containing S. aureus and E. coli. Additionally, in vitro and in vivo toxicity assessments were conducted. The chitosan-based antibacterial systems showed significant in vivo antibacterial activity, surpassing that of unmodified chitosan and commercial antibiotics. Moreover, the toxicity studies revealed low toxicity levels of the synthesized derivatives, which did not differ significantly from native chitosan. The synthesized chitosan-based polymers and nanoparticles demonstrated potent antibacterial activity and low toxicity, highlighting their potential as effective alternatives to traditional antibiotics. Further investigations in pharmacology and preclinical trials are recommended to explore their application in clinical settings

Triarylazoimidazole-ZnII, CdII, and HgII Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Antibacterial Properties

Novel triarylazoimidazoles containing strong electron donors (p-NEt2) or acceptors (p-NO2) by the azoaryl group, and their group 12 metal complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis for several complexes. Novel complexes exhibit red photo-luminescence emission (Φ up to  0.21) in a solution. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of complexes was tested against Gram-positive microorganism S. aureus and Gram-negative microorganism E. coli

Triarylazoimidazole-Zn^II, Cd^II, and Hg^II Complexes: Structures, Photophysics, and Antibacterial Properties

Novel triarylazoimidazoles containing strong electron donors (p-NEt2) or acceptors (p-NO2) by the azoaryl group, and their group 12 metal complexes were synthesized and fully characterized, including X-ray analysis for several complexes. Novel complexes exhibit red photo-luminescence emission (Φ up to  0.21) in a solution. Moreover, the antibacterial activity of complexes was tested against Gram-positive microorganism S. aureus and Gram-negative microorganism E. coli