259 research outputs found
Conductance quantization in graphene nanoconstrictions with mesoscopically smooth but atomically stepped boundaries
We present the results of million atom electronic quantum transport
calculations for graphene nanoconstrictions with edges that are smooth apart
from atomic scale steps. We find conductances quantized in integer multiples of
2e2/h and a plateau at ~0.5*2e2/h as in recent experiments [Tombros et al.,
Nature Physics 7, 697 (2011)]. We demonstrate that, surprisingly, conductances
quantized in integer multiples of 2e2/h occur even for strongly non-adiabatic
electron backscattering at the stepped edges that lowers the conductance by one
or more conductance quanta below the adiabatic value. We also show that
conductance plateaus near 0.5*2e2/h can occur as a result of electron
backscattering at stepped edges even in the absence of electron-electron
interactions.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Composite fermion edge states, fractional charge and current noise
A composite fermion edge state theory of current fluctuations, fractional
quasiparticle charge and Johnson-Nyquist noise in the fractional quantum Hall
regime is presented. It is shown that composite fermion current fluctuations
and the charges of the associated quasiparticles are strongly renormalized by
the interactions between composite fermions. The important interaction is that
mediated by the fictitious electric field associated with composite fermion
currents. The dressed current fluctuations and quasiparticle charges are
calculated self-consistently in a mean field theory for smooth edges. Analytic
results are obtained. The values of the fractional quasiparticle charges
obtained agree with the predictions of previous theories in the incompressible
regions of the 2DEG where those theories apply. In the compressible regions the
magnitudes of the quasiparticle charges vary with position. Since
Johnson-Nyquist noise arises from the compressible regions, it is due to
quasiparticles whose charges differ from the simple fractions of that apply
in the incompressible regions. Never the less, the Nyquist noise formula
is obeyed on fractional quantum Hall plateaus. Some implications
for the interpretation of recent shot noise measurements in the fractional
quantum Hall regime are briefly discussed.Comment: 15 pages Revtex + 2 postscript figure
Identification of the Atomic Scale Structures of the Gold-Thiol Interfaces of Molecular Nanowires by Inelastic Tunneling Spectroscopy
We examine theoretically the effects of the bonding geometries at the
gold-thiol interfaces on the inelastic tunneling spectra of propanedithiolate
(PDT) molecules bridging gold electrodes and show that inelastic tunneling
spectroscopy combined with theory can be used to determine these bonding
geometries experimentally. With the help of density functional theory, we
calculate the relaxed geometries and vibrational modes of extended molecules
each consisting of one or two PDT molecules connecting two gold nanoclusters.
We formulate a perturbative theory of inelastic tunneling through molecules
bridging metal contacts in terms of elastic transmission amplitudes, and use
this theory to calculate the inelastic tunneling spectra of the gold-PDT-gold
extended molecules. We consider PDT molecules with both trans and gauche
conformations bound to the gold clusters at top, bridge and hollow bonding
sites. Comparing our results with the experimental data of Hihath et al. [Nano
Lett. 8, 1673 (2008)], we identify the most frequently realized conformation in
the experiment as that of trans molecules top-site bonded to both electrodes.
We find the switching from the 42 meV vibrational mode to the 46 meV mode
observed in the experiment to be due to the transition of trans molecules from
mixed top-bridge to pure top-site bonding geometries. Our results also indicate
that gauche molecular conformations and hollow site bonding did not contribute
significantly to the experimental inelastic tunneling spectra. For pairs of PDT
molecules connecting the gold electrodes in parallel we find total elastic
conductances close to twice those of single molecules bridging the contacts
with similar bonding conformations and small splittings of the vibrational mode
energies for the modes that are the most sensitive to the molecule-electrode
bonding geometries.Comment: 14 pages, 8 figures, 1 table. arXiv admin note: significant text
overlap with arXiv:1103.2378;
http://jcp.aip.org/resource/1/jcpsa6/v136/i1/p014703_s
Theory of Interacting Parallel Quantum Wires
We present self-consistent numerical calculations of the electronic structure
of parallel Coulomb-confined quantum wires, based on the Hohenberg-Kohn-Sham
density functional theory of inhomogeneous electron systems. We find that the
corresponding transverse energy levels of two parallel wires lock together when
the wires' widths are similar and their separation is not too small. This
energy level locking is an effect of Coulomb interactions and of the the
density of states singularities that are characteristic of quasi-
one-dimensional Fermionic systems. In dissimilar parallel wires level lockings
are much less likely to occur. Energy level locking in similar wires persists
to quite large wire separations, but is gradually suppressed by inter-wire
tunneling when the separation becomes small. Experimental implications of these
theoretical results are discussed.Comment: RevTeX, 23 papes, 8 compressed tar figures in a separate file, to be
published in the Canadian Journal of Physics
Theoretical Study of Electrical Conduction Through a Molecule Connected to Metallic Nanocontacts
We present a theoretical study of electron transport through a molecule
connected to two metallic nanocontacts. The system investigated is 1,4
benzene-dithiolate (BDT) chemically bonded to two Au contacts. The surface
chemistry is modeled by representing the tips of the Au contacts as two atomic
clusters and treating the molecule-cluster complex as a single entity in an
extended Huckel tight binding scheme. We model the tips using several different
cluster geometries. An ideal lead is attached to each cluster, and the lead to
lead transmission is calculated. The role of the molecule-cluster interaction
in transport is analyzed by using single channel leads. We then extend the
calculations to multi-channel leads that are a more realistic model of the
tip's environment. Using the finite-voltage, finite temperature Landauer
formula, we calculate the differential conductance for the different systems
studied. The similarities and differences between the predictions of the
present class of models and recent experimental work are discussed.Comment: 23 pages, 11 figures, accepted PR
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