Regional Labour Market Adjustment and the Movements of People: A Review

This review paper examines the link between internal migration and regional labour market adjustment. It outlines the motivation and scope of our enquiry, discusses the three key questions that we plan to pursue, reviews relevant international and New Zealand literature, and outlines proposals for future research. The first key question examines whether migration helps regional labour market adjustment. The second question investigates how important migration is as a regional labour market adjustment mechanism. The final question looks at who is moving and whether it matters for regional labour market adjustment.regional labour market; internal migration; regional labour market adjustment

Formation of Non-reciprocal Bands in Magnetized Diatomic Plasmonic Chains

We show that non-reciprocal bands can be formed in a magnetized periodic chain of spherical plasmonic particles with two particles per unit cell. Simplified form of symmetry operators in dipole approximations are used to demonstrate explicitly the relation between spectral non-reciprocity and broken spatial-temporal symmetries. Due to hybridization among plasmon modes and free photon modes, strong spectral non-reciprocity appears in region slightly below the lightline, where highly directed guiding of energy can be supported. The results may provide a clear guidance on the design of one-way waveguides

Optimizing large parameter sets in variational quantum Monte Carlo

We present a technique for optimizing hundreds of thousands of variational parameters in variational quantum Monte Carlo. By introducing iterative Krylov subspace solvers and by multiplying by the Hamiltonian and overlap matrices as they are sampled, we remove the need to construct and store these matrices and thus bypass the most expensive steps of the stochastic reconfiguration and linear method optimization techniques. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach by using stochastic reconfiguration to optimize a correlator product state wavefunction with a pfaffian reference for four example systems. In two examples on the two dimensional Hubbard model, we study 16 and 64 site lattices, recovering energies accurate to 1% in the smaller lattice and predicting particle-hole phase separation in the larger. In two examples involving an ab initio Hamiltonian, we investigate the potential energy curve of a symmetrically dissociated 4x4 hydrogen lattice as well as the singlet-triplet gap in free base porphin. In the hydrogen system we recover 98% or more of the correlation energy at all geometries, while for porphin we compute the gap in a 24 orbital active space to within 0.02eV of the exact result. The numbers of variational parameters in these examples range from 4x10^3 to 5x10^5, demonstrating an ability to go far beyond the reach of previous formulations of stochastic reconfiguration.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, suggested PACS numbers 02.70.Ss, 71.10.Fd, 31.15.-

Modelling Regional Labour Market Adjustment in New Zealand

This paper adopts a vector autoregressive (VAR) approach to analyse the labour market adjustment mechanisms for 12 New Zealand regions over the period 1985 to 2001. It examines the effects of a region-specific shock to employment on itself, the unemployment rate, the participation rate, and the wage rate. The role of migration as a channel of regional labour market adjustment is also inferred. We find that adjustment occurs predominantly through inter-regional migration although the unemployment and participation rates also play a role. Wages, on the other hand, account for very little adjustment. The importance of inter-regional migration in New Zealand matches the results found in Sweden, but stands in contrast to the picture in many European countries. Migration appears to be a more dominant adjustment channel compared to the US and Australian cases. However, this has to be placed into context – New Zealand regions are much smaller in terms of population size.Regional labour market adjustment; Internal migration

Multifractality and scale invariance in human heartbeat dynamics

Human heart rate is known to display complex fluctuations. Evidence of multifractality in heart rate fluctuations in healthy state has been reported [Ivanov et al., Nature {\bf 399}, 461 (1999)]. This multifractal character could be manifested as a dependence on scale or beat number of the probability density functions (PDFs) of the heart rate increments. On the other hand, scale invariance has been recently reported in a detrended analysis of healthy heart rate increments [Kiyono et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. {\bf 93}, 178103 (2004)]. In this paper, we resolve this paradox by clarifying that the scale invariance reported is actually exhibited by the PDFs of the sum of detrended healthy heartbeat intervals taken over different number of beats, and demonstrating that the PDFs of detrended healthy heart rate increments are scale dependent. Our work also establishes that this scale invariance is a general feature of human heartbeat dynamics, which is shared by heart rate fluctuations in both healthy and pathological states