Comparison of Conventional and Ultrasound Assisted Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction of Curcumin from Turmeric (Curcuma longa L.)

Recently, ultrasound assisted supercritical fluid is used for extraction the valuable compounds from a number of plant materials as an alternative to conventional method because it can enhance the extraction rate and yield. Curcumin is an important component of turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) with many useful functions to human health. The objective of this study is using ultrasonic assisted supercritical carbon dioxide (USC-CO2) to extract curcumin from turmeric and compared to conventional method. The effect of operating conditions on extraction, including temperature (40 - 60oC), pressure (15 - 25 MPa), extraction time (30 - 120 min), CO2 flow rate (2 - 4 mL/min) and percentage of cosolvent (10 - 20% v/v) were also studied. The result shows that the high extraction yield of 7.17% w/w and curcumin content of 1.69% w/w were achieved at temperature of 50oC, pressure of 25 MPa, extraction time of 90 min, CO2 flow rate of 3 mL/min with 10% cosolvent. Compared to conventional method, USC-CO2 could provide higher curcumin content in extraction yield in a shorter extraction time. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermal gravity (TG), and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to analyse turmeric undergoing USC-CO2 and conventional extraction and showed that ultrasound could break down the cell walls and remove some functional groups from plant materials, resulting an increase the selectivity of compounds in extraction yield

Lipids from Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn Seeds by Supercritical CO2: Extraction and Optimization of Parameters by Response Surface Methodology

Supercritical carbon dioxide (CO2) was employed to extract lipids from Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn seeds in semi–batch process at various operating conditions to optimize extraction process. The extraction processes were carried out at 40 – 60 oC and 20 – 40 MPa with 2 – 4 ml min–1 CO2 flow rates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 33 factorial design combined with statistical was used to optimize variables in the process of Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn seeds lipids extraction with supercritical CO2. The FT–IR spectra indicated that the Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn seeds components were extracted by supercritical CO2. The SEM images also indicated that the physical changes in the surface of the Vitellaria paradoxa Gaertn seeds occurred after supercritical CO2 extraction treatment. The maximum of extracted lipids was 0.47 g/g–sample when the extraction was conducted at a temperature of 80 oC and pressure of 40 MPa with CO2 flow rate of 3 ml min–1. The GC–MS analysis showed that the extracted lipids mainly composed of palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). The analysis of experimental design demonstrated that pressure and temperature were the influential variables on the lipids extraction

Extraction of bioactive compounds from Garcinia Mangostana pericarp using supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal process

Supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal extraction is efficient method of extracting valuable compounds from natural products. In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide with hydrothermal process was used to extract bioactive compounds from Garcinia mangostana pericarp. The study employs other extraction methods such as SC-CO2 with hydrothermal extraction, SC-CO2 extraction and SC-CO2 with 5% (w/w) of water as co-solvent. The extraction yield and the recovery of alpha-mangostin were then compared relative to the results obtained from SC-CO2 with Hydrothermal Extraction. The extraction was performed in an 8.8 ml stainless steel close-type batch reactor. The effects of process parameters such as temperature (120-160oC), pressure (5-15 MPa), extraction time (30-120 min), and particle size (0.2735-0.9385 mm) on the extraction yield, total phenolic compounds content, antioxidant activity, and alphamangostin recovery were investigated. The relationship of process parameters were established using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The predicted optimum extraction yield was 39.931% w/w based on dry Garcinia mangostana pericarp, obtained at temperature of 160oC, with operating pressure of 5 MPa, having an extraction time of 30 minutes, and with the pericarp average particle size of 0.2735 mm. It was also predicted from RSM that the total phenolic compounds could achieved a highest value at 22.03 g GAE/100g of extract when temperature was at 120oC, under an extraction pressure of 15 MPa, in an extraction time of 30 min and having average particle size of charged at 0.9385 mm. Likewise, a highest antioxidant activity characterized by the lowest of IC 50 of 73.176 g/ml could be obtained if the temperature of extraction is 160oC, coupled with an operating pressure of 15 MPa, an extraction time of 30 minutes and average particle size of 0.9385 mm. The maximum predicted value in terms of alpha-mangostin recovery reached 0.203% w/w of extract when conditions are at 140oC, 10 MPa, extraction time of 60 minutes, and average particle size of 0.2735 mm. It could be observed that SCCO2 Extraction with Hydrothermal Process exhibited the highest extraction yield but obtained the lowest value of alpha-mangostin recovered when compared to other methods of extraction consider in this study

Micronization for Enhancement of Curcumin Dissolution via Electrospraying Technique

Curcumin is a hydrophobic polyphenol compound exhibiting a wide range of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-carcinogenic, anti-HIV, and anti-microbial activity. Recently, electrospraying has been successfully used to produce micro-or nano-sized particles for pharmaceutical use. In this work, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) microspheres containing curcumin were prepared via electrospraying in order to improve the bioavailability of poorly-water-soluble curcumin. The influence of five processing parameters namely curcumin/PVP ratio, tip to collector distance, and electric voltage on physic-chemical properties was investigated. The characterization and aqueous solubility of particles were determined by using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The result indicated that the spherical particles with particle size distribution of 164 to 730 nm obtained at a curcumin/PVP ratio of 1:30, a polymer solution concentration of 0.4%, electric voltage of 10 kV, and a tip-to-collector distance of 15 cm. Moreover, the dissolution of curcumin/PVP particle generated by electrospraying was higher than that of the original curcumin and pure curcumin particles produced by electrospraying

Supercritical carbon dioxide-mediated hydrothermal extraction of bioactive compounds from Garcinia Mangostana pericarp

Supercritical carbon dioxide in combination with hydrothermal process was used in the extraction of bioactive compounds from Garcinia mangostana pericarp. The extraction was carried out following pre-defined ranges of temperature (120-160 °C), pressure (5-15 MPa), extraction time (30-120 min), and particle size (0.3-0.9 mm), that served as parameters for determination of optimum yield. The extracts were subsequently analyzed for their total polyphenolic contents, antioxidant activity, and alpha-mangostin recovery. The multi-variable extraction process yielded several possible responses. Using response surface methodology (RSM) with central composite design (CCD), the optimal response obtained a yield of 39.9% w/w, with 22.0 gGAE/100 gextract of total polyphenolic contents, together with 73.2 μg/mL of antioxidant activity and 0.203% w/wextract recovery of alpha-mangostin. © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved