Production of Medium Chain Fatty Acids From Ensiled Potato Peels; Effect of Inoculum Type and Kinetic Study

Medium chain fatty acids (MCFAs) are fatty acids containing 6 to 12 carbon atoms with a wide range of industrial application. They can be produced by the fermentation of waste biomass through a process called chain elongation (CE). During CE, the type of inoculum used plays a key role in determining the optimal yield of MCFAs. Three different inocula including leachate, rumen fluid and digestate from a biogas reactor were used for the batch fermentation of ensiled potato peels for MCFAs production in this study. Results show that the highest chain elongation was obtained when leachate was used as inoculum with a maximum yield of 57, 4 and 26 g/kgVS for caproic acid, heptanoic acid and caprylic acid respectively. A kinetic study shows that the production of MCFAs from ensiled potato peels was better described by the first-order model than by the modified Gompertz model

Performances of metal oxides supported in monolith for combined SO2/NOx removal from flue gas

The emission of acid gases such SO2 and NOx have detrimental effects on human beings and the environment hence, removing them from flue gas in a dry adsorption process is desirable. In this work, carbon monolith was synthesized with various metals consisting of CeO2, Co3O4, V2O5, and CuO by deposition precipitation, hydrothermal and wet pore volume impregnation synthesis techniques. The fixed bed adsorption activity test was carried out with flue gas production by coal burning. Furthermore, the breakthrough curves of the adsorbents were investigated where the adsorbent developed via hydrothermal technique with Co3O4 metal oxide termed as HM-Co3O4 /CM displayed higher adsorption capacity for both SO2 (103.9 mg/g) and NOx and (106.6 mg/g). The Langmuir model can best describe the experimental data based on the correlation coefficient and separation factor results. These results implied that the developed adsorbent can be potentially used in the industry for flue gas cleaning

PERBANDINGAN PENILAIAN SIKLUS HIDUP (LIFE CYCLE ASSESSMENT) PRODUKSI BIODIESEL SECARA KATALIS DARI CRUDE PALM OIL DAN CRUDE JATROPHA CURCAS OIL

Sektor energi memainkan peran penting bagi Indonesia dan bahkan dunia dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunannya. Salah satu isu yang berkaitan dengan negara-negara yang berusaha untuk memanfaatkan bahan bakunya telah muncul secara global dalam pengembangan produksi biodiesel, misalnya USA yang menggunakan kacang kedelai, Eropa menggunakan rapeseed dan Asia khususnya Indonesia menggunakan minyak sawit. Isu global lainnya menempatkan lingkungan sebagai pertimbangan utama, karena produksi biodiesel menghasilkan emisi gas yang meningkatkan risiko pemanasan global dan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan. Negara-negara Eropa mengklaim bahwa pengolahan biodiesel yang berasal dari minyak sawit menyebabkan peningkatan emisi karbon yang ditransfer ke atmosfer. Metode yang tepat untuk menganalisis masalah tersebut melalui Penilaian Siklus Hidup (LCA). Produksi biodiesel di Indonesia menggunakan kelapa sawit sebagai bahan bakunya. Selain itu, penggunaan jatropha juga dianjurkan karena merupakan tanaman yang tidak dapat dimakan dan beradaptasi dengan berbagai kondisi tanah kritis yang ada di Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan penilaian komparatif siklus hidup dari produksi biodiesel dari minyak sawit dan jarak yang diproduksi di Indonesia. Analisis dikelompokkan ke dalam tahapan produksi tidak stabil dan tahap produksi stabil untuk mengakomodasi karakteristik pertumbuhan alami dari kedua tanaman ini. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa produksi biodiesel dari kelapa sawit memberikan nilai yang lebih tinggi pada potensi pemanasan global (GWP) daripada jarak pagar. Penggunaan agro-kimia, seperti pupuk, herbisida, insektisida dan pestisida, memberikan kontribusi yang signifikan terhadap total nilai GWP, yaitu masing-masing 68,14% untuk kelapa sawit dan 37,56% untuk jarak pagar. Karakteristik emisi dari kedua tanaman selama periode produktivitas tidak stabil ditemukan berbedaJurnal Teknologi Industri Pertaniandengan produktivitas stabil. Nilai GWP dan konsumsi energi untuk memproduksi biodiesel dari kelapa sawit ditemukan lebih tinggi dari jarak pagar.Kata kunci: penilaian siklus hidup, minyak mentah sawit, minyak mentah jarak pagar, biodiese

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria From Fresh Fish Organs

Aquaculture products can harbor pathogenic bacteria which are part of the natural microflora. Microbial pathogens associated with fish can be transmitted to human that uses the fishes as source of food or handling. This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic bacteria present in the gills, gut and skin of apparently healthy fishes. Tilapia (Clarias lazera) and Oreochromicniloticus (Cat fish) were collected from Gombe main market and Dadin-kowa of Gombe state. Bacteria were isolated from the fish skin, gill, and gut. Identification of the bacteria was conducted using biochemical tests on specific culture media. Different pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the fish species which appeared yellow or white in colour, small with pin head, while some are circular and irregular that spread all over the media.. The isolates were higher from Dadin-kowa samples compared to Gombe main market. The total bacteria count value ranges between 1.01 x 103 to 1.50 x 103 for the tilapia fish and 1.04 x 103 to 2.20 x 103 cfu/ml for cat fish. The identification results revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcherichia coli was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcherichia coli is attributed to contamination of the fish samples by man through handling and processing. These enteric bacteria from the fishes indicated the organisms faecal contamination and/or water pollution, as well, represents a potential hazard to humans' life

Performances of Metal Oxides Supported in Monolith for Combined SO2/NOx removal from Flue Gas

The emission of acid gases such SO2 and NOx have detrimental effects on human beings and the environment hence, removing them from flue gas in a dry adsorption process is desirable. In this work, carbon monolith was synthesized with various metals consisting of CeO2, Co3O4, V2O5, and CuO by deposition precipitation, hydrothermal and wet pore volume impregnation synthesis techniques. The fixed bed adsorption activity test was carried out with flue gas production by coal burning. Furthermore, the breakthrough curves of the adsorbents were investigated where the adsorbent developed via hydrothermal technique with Co3O4 metal oxide termed as HM-Co3O4 /CM displayed higher adsorption capacity for both SO2 (103.9 mg/g) and NOx and (106.6 mg/g). The Langmuir model can best describe the experimental data based on the correlation coefficient and separation factor results. These results implied that the developed adsorbent can be potentially used in the industry for flue gas cleaning. &nbsp

Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Bacteria From Fresh Fish Organs

Aquaculture products can harbor pathogenic bacteria which are part of the natural microflora. Microbial pathogens associated with fish can be transmitted to human that uses the fishes as source of food or handling. This study aimed to isolate human pathogenic bacteria present in the gills, gut and skin of apparently healthy fishes. Tilapia (Clarias lazera) and Oreochromicniloticus (Cat fish) were collected from Gombe main market and Dadin-kowa of Gombe state. Bacteria were isolated from the fish skin, gill, and gut. Identification of the bacteria was conducted using biochemical tests on specific culture media. Different pathogenic bacteria were isolated from the fish species which appeared yellow or white in colour, small with pin head, while some are circular and irregular that spread all over the media.. The isolates were higher from Dadin-kowa samples compared to Gombe main market. The total bacteria count value ranges between 1.01 x 103 to 1.50 x 103 for the tilapia fish and 1.04 x 103 to 2.20 x 103 cfu/ml for cat fish. The identification results revealed that Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcherichia coli was the most abundant pathogenic bacteria. Presence of Staphylococcus aureus and Eshcherichia coli is attributed to contamination of the fish samples by man through handling and processing. These enteric bacteria from the fishes indicated the organisms faecal contamination and/or water pollution, as well, represents a potential hazard to humans' life