Cancelable ECG Biometrics using Compressive Sensing-Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test

Electrocardiogram (ECG) has been investigated as promising biometrics, but it cannot be canceled and re-used once compromised just like other biometrics. We propose methods to overcome the issue of irrevocability in ECG biometrics without compromising performance. Our proposed cancelable user authentication uses a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) based on a composite hypothesis testing in compressive sensing (CS) domain We also propose a permutation-based revocation method for CS-based cancelable biometrics so that it becomes resilient to record multiplicity attack. In addition, to compensate for inevitable performance degradation due to cancelable schemes, we also propose two performance improvement methods without undermining cancelable schemes: a self-guided ECG filtering and a T-wave shift model in our CS-GLRT. Finally, our proposed methods were evaluated for various cancelable biometrics criteria with the public ECG-ID data (89 subjects). Our cancelable ECG biometric methods yielded up to 93.0% detection probability at 2.0% false alarm ratio (PD*) and 3.8% equal error rate (EER), which are comparable to or even better than non-cancelable baseline with 93.2% PD* and 4.8% EER for challenging single pulse ECG authentication, respectively. Our proposed methods met all cancelable biometrics criteria theoretically or empirically. Our cancelable secure user template with our novel revocation process is practically non-invertible and robust to record multiplicity attack

DATID-3D: Diversity-Preserved Domain Adaptation Using Text-to-Image Diffusion for 3D Generative Model

Recent 3D generative models have achieved remarkable performance in synthesizing high resolution photorealistic images with view consistency and detailed 3D shapes, but training them for diverse domains is challenging since it requires massive training images and their camera distribution information. Text-guided domain adaptation methods have shown impressive performance on converting the 2D generative model on one domain into the models on other domains with different styles by leveraging the CLIP (Contrastive Language-Image Pre-training), rather than collecting massive datasets for those domains. However, one drawback of them is that the sample diversity in the original generative model is not well-preserved in the domain-adapted generative models due to the deterministic nature of the CLIP text encoder. Text-guided domain adaptation will be even more challenging for 3D generative models not only because of catastrophic diversity loss, but also because of inferior text-image correspondence and poor image quality. Here we propose DATID-3D, a domain adaptation method tailored for 3D generative models using text-to-image diffusion models that can synthesize diverse images per text prompt without collecting additional images and camera information for the target domain. Unlike 3D extensions of prior text-guided domain adaptation methods, our novel pipeline was able to fine-tune the state-of-the-art 3D generator of the source domain to synthesize high resolution, multi-view consistent images in text-guided targeted domains without additional data, outperforming the existing text-guided domain adaptation methods in diversity and text-image correspondence. Furthermore, we propose and demonstrate diverse 3D image manipulations such as one-shot instance-selected adaptation and single-view manipulated 3D reconstruction to fully enjoy diversity in text.Comment: Accepted to CVPR 2023, Project page: https://gwang-kim.github.io/datid_3d

Bax-dependent apoptosis induced by ceramide in HL-60 cells

AbstractCeramide is an important lipid messenger involved in mediating a variety of cell functions including apoptosis. In this study, we show that antisense bax inhibits cytochrome c release, poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase cleavage and cell death induced by ceramide in HL-60 cells. In addition, ceramide induces translocation of Bax to mitochondria. The addition of the broad spectrum caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk prevented ceramide-induced apoptotic cell death but did not inhibit translocation of Bax and mitochondrial cytochrome c release. Furthermore, ceramide inhibits the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-xL with an increase in the ratio of Bax to Bcl-xL. These data provide direct evidence that Bax plays an important role in regulating ceramide-induced apoptosis

Two Distinct Pseudomonas Effector Proteins Interact with the Pto Kinase and Activate Plant Immunity

AbstractThe Pto serine/threonine kinase of tomato confers resistance to speck disease by recognizing strains of Pseudomonas syringae that express the protein AvrPto. Pto and AvrPto physically interact, and this interaction is required for activation of host resistance. We identified a second Pseudomonas protein, AvrPtoB, that interacts specifically with Pto and is widely distributed among plant pathogens. AvrPtoB is delivered into the plant cell by the bacterial type III secretion system, and it elicits Pto-specific defenses. AvrPtoB has little overall sequence similarity with AvrPto. However, AvrPto amino acids, which are required for interaction with Pto, are present in AvrPtoB and required for its interaction with Pto. Thus, two distinct bacterial effectors activate plant immunity by interacting with the same host protein kinase through a similar structural mechanism