Entropy of (2+1)-dimensional de Sitter black hole to all orders in the Planck length

We calculate the statistical entropy of a scalar field on the background of (2+1)-dimensional de Sitter space without an artificial cutoff considering corrections to all orders in the Planck length from a generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the quantum state density. The desired entropy proportional to the horizon perimeter is obtained.Comment: 10 pages, two references adde

Lagrangian approach to local symmetries and self-dual model in gauge invariant formulation

Taking the St\"uckelberg Lagrangian associated with the abelian self-dual model of P.K. Townsend et al as a starting point, we embed this mixed first- and second-class system into a pure first-class system by following systematically the generalized Hamiltonian approach of Batalin, Fradkin and Tyutin. The resulting Lagrangian possesses an extended gauge invariance and provides a non-trivial example for a general Lagrangian approach to unravelling the full set of local symmetries of a Lagrangian.Comment: LaTeX, 15 page

Entropy of the Randall-Sundrum brane world with the generalized uncertainty principle

By introducing the generalized uncertainty principle, we calculate the entropy of the bulk scalar field on the Randall-Sundrum brane background without any cutoff. We obtain the entropy of the massive scalar field proportional to the horizon area. Here, we observe that the mass contribution to the entropy exists in contrast to all previous results, which is independent of the mass of the scalar field, of the usual black hole cases with the generalized uncertainty principle.Comment: 12 pages. The improved version published in Phys. Rev.

Rich variety of defects in ZnO via an attractive interaction between O-vacancies and Zn-interstitials

As the concentration of intrinsic defects becomes sufficiently high in O-deficient ZnO, interactions between defects lead to a significant reduction in their formation energies. We show that the formation of both O-vacancies and Zn-interstitials becomes significantly enhanced by a strong attractive interaction between them, making these defects an important source of n-type conductivity in ZnO.Comment: 12 pages, 4 figure

THE COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL OF NEW DAIRY PRODUCTS FROM MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY

Membrane filtration technologies are capable of creating entirely new, more functional food products. In this regard, potential new dairy products include high-protein, low-lactose fluid milk, high-protein, low-lactose ice cream, and non-far yogurt made with fewer stabilizers. An initial survey of membrane manufacturing companies determined the added cost to produce such functional food products to be two to six percent of the existing retail price for similar standard dairy products. A subsequent survey of milk processors found that the most likely adopters of such membrane technologies were yogurt manufacturers.Agribusiness,

Quantization of spontaneously broken gauge theory based on the BFT-BFV Formalism

We quantize the spontaneously broken abelian U(1) Higgs model by using the improved BFT and BFV formalisms. We have constructed the BFT physical fields, and obtain the first class observables including the Hamiltonian in terms of these fields. We have also explicitly shown that there are exact form invariances between the second class and first class quantities. Then, according to the BFV formalism, we have derived the corresponding Lagrangian having U(1) gauge symmetry. We also discuss at the classical level how one easily gets the first class Lagrangian from the symmetry-broken second class Lagrangian.Comment: 16 pages, latex, final version published in Mod. Phys. Lett.

Observation of a linear temperature dependence of the critical current density in a Ba_{0.63}K_{0.37}BiO_3 single crystal

For a Ba_{0.63}K_{0.37}BiO_3 single crystal with T_c=31 K, H_{c1}=750 Oe at 5 K, and dimensions 3x3x1 mm^3, the temperature and field dependences of magnetic hysteresis loops have been measured within 5-25 K in magnetic fields up to 6 Tesla. The critical current density is J_c(0)=1.5 x 10^5 A/cm^2 at zero field and 1 x 10^5 A/cm^2 at 1 kOe at 5 K. J_c decreases exponentially with increasing field up to 10 kOe. A linear temperature dependence of J_c is observed below 25 K, which differs from the exponential and the power-law temperature dependences in high-Tc superconductors including the BKBO. The linear temperature dependence can be regarded as an intrinsic effect in superconductors.Comment: RevTex, Physica C Vol. 341-348, 729 (2000