Musemo: Express Musical Emotion Based on Neural Network

Department of Urban and Environmental Engineering (Convergence of Science and Arts)Music elicits emotional responses, which enable people to empathize with the emotional states induced by music, experience changes in their current feelings, receive comfort, and relieve stress (Juslin & Laukka, 2004). Music emotion recognition (MER) is a field of research that extracts emotions from music through various systems and methods. Interest in this field is increasing as researchers try to use it for psychiatric purposes. In order to extract emotions from music, MER requires music and emotion labels for each music. Many MER studies use emotion labels created by non-music-specific psychologists such as Russell???s circumplex model of affects (Russell, 1980) and Ekman???s six basic emotions (Ekman, 1999). However, Zentner, Grandjean, and Scherer suggest that emotions commonly used in music are subdivided into specific areas, rather than spread across the entire spectrum of emotions (Zentner, Grandjean, & Scherer, 2008). Thus, existing MER studies have difficulties with the emotion labels that are not widely agreed through musicians and listeners. This study proposes a musical emotion recognition model ???Musemo??? that follows the Geneva emotion music scale proposed by music psychologists based on a convolution neural network. We evaluate the accuracy of the model by varying the length of music samples used as input of Musemo and achieved RMSE (root mean squared error) performance of up to 14.91%. Also, we examine the correlation among emotion labels by reducing the Musemo???s emotion output vector to two dimensions through principal component analysis. Consequently, we can get results that are similar to the study that Vuoskoski and Eerola analyzed for the Geneva emotion music scale (Vuoskoski & Eerola, 2011). We hope that this study could be expanded to inform treatments to comfort those in need of psychological empathy in modern society.clos

Effective equidistribution of expanding translates in the space of affine lattices

We prove a polynomially effective equidistribution result for expanding translates in the space of $d$-dimensional affine lattices for any $d\ge 2$.Comment: Section 5 is added for general diagonal flow

Hausdorff measure of sets of Dirichlet non-improvable affine forms

For a decreasing real valued function $\psi$, a pair $(A,\mathbf{b})$ of a real $m\times n$ matrix $A$ and $\mathbf{b}\in\mathbb{R}^m$ is said to be $\psi$-Dirichlet improvable if the system $$\|A\mathbf{q}+\mathbf{b}-\mathbf{p}\|^m < \psi(T)\quad\text{and}\quad\|\mathbf{q}\|^n < T$$ has a solution $\mathbf{p}\in\mathbb{Z}^m$, $\mathbf{q}\in\mathbb{Z}^n$ for all sufficiently large $T$, where $\|\cdot\|$ denotes the supremum norm. Kleinbock and Wadleigh (2019) established an integrability criterion for the Lebesgue measure of the $\psi$-Dirichlet non-improvable set. In this paper, we prove a similar criterion for the Hausdorff measure of the $\psi$-Dirichlet non-improvable set. Also, we extend this result to the singly metric case that $\mathbf{b}$ is fixed. As an application, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the set of pairs $(A,\mathbf{b})$ with uniform Diophantine exponents $\widehat{w}(A,\mathbf{b})\leq w$.Comment: 29 page

Effective density of non-degenerate random walks on homogeneous spaces

We prove effective density of random walks on homogeneous spaces, assuming that the underlying measure is supported on matrices generating a dense subgroup and having algebraic entries. The main novelty is an argument passing from high dimension to effective equidistribution in the setting of random walks on homogeneous spaces, exploiting spectral gap of the associated convolution operator.Comment: Accepted Version. To appear at IMR

Flow toxicity of high frequency trading and its impact on price volatility : evidence from the KOSPI 200 futures market

We examine the relation between high-frequency trading, flow toxicity, and short-term volatility during both normal and stressful periods. Using transaction data for the Korea Composite Stock Price Index 200 (KOSPI 200) futures, we find the Volume-Synchronized Probability of Informed Trading (VPIN) useful in measuring flow toxicity as it predicts short-term volatility effectively. We further show that high-frequency trading is negatively related to VPIN and short-term volatility during normal times but has a positive association during stressful periods. Finally, we advocate the use of bulk-volume classification (BVC) by presenting evidence that the initiator identified by BVC trades at more favorable prices than the true trade initiator

High-quantum yield alloy-typed core/shell CdSeZnS/ZnS quantum dots for bio-applications

Abstract Background Quantum dots (QDs) have been used as fluorophores in various imaging fields owing to their strong fluorescent intensity, high quantum yield (QY), and narrow emission bandwidth. However, the application of QDs to bio-imaging is limited because the QY of QDs decreases substantially during the surface modification step for bio-application. Results In this study, we fabricated alloy-typed core/shell CdSeZnS/ZnS quantum dots (alloy QDs) that showed higher quantum yield and stability during the surface modification for hydrophilization compared with conventional CdSe/CdS/ZnS multilayer quantum dots (MQDs). The structure of the alloy QDs was confirmed using time-of-flight medium-energy ion scattering spectroscopy. The alloy QDs exhibited strong fluorescence and a high QY of 98.0%. After hydrophilic surface modification, the alloy QDs exhibited a QY of 84.7%, which is 1.5 times higher than that of MQDs. The QY was 77.8% after the alloy QDs were conjugated with folic acid (FA). Alloy QDs and MQDs, after conjugation with FA, were successfully used for targeting human KB cells. The alloy QDs exhibited a stronger fluorescence signal than MQD; these signals were retained in the popliteal lymph node area for 24h. Conclusion The alloy QDs maintained a higher QY in hydrophilization for biological applications than MQDs. And also, alloy QDs showed the potential as nanoprobes for highly sensitive bioimaging analysis. Graphical Abstrac

Highly sensitive near-infrared SERS nanoprobes for in vivo imaging using gold-assembled silica nanoparticles with controllable nanogaps

Abstract Background To take advantages, such as multiplex capacity, non-photobleaching property, and high sensitivity, of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)-based in vivo imaging, development of highly enhanced SERS nanoprobes in near-infrared (NIR) region is needed. A well-controlled morphology and biocompatibility are essential features of NIR SERS nanoprobes. Gold (Au)-assembled nanostructures with controllable nanogaps with highly enhanced SERS signals within multiple hotspots could be a breakthrough. Results Au-assembled silica (SiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) (SiO2@Au@Au NPs) as NIR SERS nanoprobes are synthesized using the seed-mediated growth method. SiO2@Au@Au NPs using six different sizes of Au NPs (SiO2@Au@Au50–SiO2@Au@Au500) were prepared by controlling the concentration of Au precursor in the growth step. The nanogaps between Au NPs on the SiO2 surface could be controlled from 4.16 to 0.98nm by adjusting the concentration of Au precursor (hence increasing Au NP sizes), which resulted in the formation of effective SERS hotspots. SiO2@Au@Au500 NPs with a 0.98-nm gap showed a high SERS enhancement factor of approximately 3.8 × 106 under 785-nm photoexcitation. SiO2@Au@Au500 nanoprobes showed detectable in vivo SERS signals at a concentration of 16μg/mL in animal tissue specimen at a depth of 7mm. SiO2@Au@Au500 NPs with 14 different Raman label compounds exhibited distinct SERS signals upon subcutaneous injection into nude mice. Conclusions SiO2@Au@Au NPs showed high potential for in vivo applications as multiplex nanoprobes with high SERS sensitivity in the NIR region. Graphical Abstrac

Hausdorff measure of sets of Dirichlet non-improvable affine forms

For a decreasing real valued function ψ, a pair (A,b) of a real m×n matrix A and b∈Rm is said to be ψ-Dirichlet improvable if the system ‖Aq+b−p‖m<ψ(T)and‖q‖n<T has a solution p∈Zm, q∈Zn for all sufficiently large T, where ‖⋅‖ denotes the supremum norm. Kleinbock and Wadleigh (2019) established an integrability criterion for the Lebesgue measure of the ψ-Dirichlet non-improvable set. In this paper, we prove a similar criterion for the Hausdorff measure of the ψ-Dirichlet non-improvable set. Also, we extend this result to the singly metric case that b is fixed. As an application, we compute the Hausdorff dimension of the set of pairs (A,b) with uniform Diophantine exponents wˆ(A,b)≤w.ISSN:0001-8708ISSN:1090-208

Effective Density of Non-Degenerate Random Walks on Homogeneous Spaces

We prove effective density of random walks on homogeneous spaces, assuming that the underlying measure is supported on matrices generating a dense subgroup and having algebraic entries. The main novelty is an argument passing from high dimension to effective equidistribution in the setting of random walks on homogeneous spaces, exploiting the spectral gap of the associated convolution operator.ISSN:1073-7928ISSN:1687-024