Physical activity engagement outside of college physical education: Application of the transtheoretical model

Objective: In this study, we examined physical activity (PA) engagement outside of college physical education (PE) classes using the Transtheoretical Model (TTM). Methods: Overall, 414 university students enrolled in PE classes voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were asked to complete a survey packet to measure 4 core constructs of TTM and their PA level performed outside of PE classes. Among the participants, 150 randomly selected students were asked to wear a triaxial accelerometer for 7 consecutive days to identify their PA level. Descriptive statistics and multivariate analyses of variance were used to determine the association between stages of motivational readiness and other strategic core constructions. Results: We categorized 77% of respondents into either the 'action' stage or the 'maintenance' stage for engaging in additional PA outside of the classes. Behavioral processes of change showed a graded and significant association with the stages. Both self-efficacy and decisional balance were significantly higher in students at higher stages. Conclusion: Our findings showed that most students enrolled in college PE classes had additional PA outside of the class participation. In addition, behavioral processes may be effective strategies for this specific target group to promote PA.Peer reviewedCommunity Health Sciences, Counseling and Counseling Psycholog

GARNET – gene set analysis with exploration of annotation relations

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Gene set analysis is a powerful method of deducing biological meaning for an a priori defined set of genes. Numerous tools have been developed to test statistical enrichment or depletion in specific pathways or gene ontology (GO) terms. Major difficulties towards biological interpretation are integrating diverse types of annotation categories and exploring the relationships between annotation terms of similar information.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>GARNET (Gene Annotation Relationship NEtwork Tools) is an integrative platform for gene set analysis with many novel features. It includes tools for retrieval of genes from annotation database, statistical analysis & visualization of annotation relationships, and managing gene sets. In an effort to allow access to a full spectrum of amassed biological knowledge, we have integrated a variety of annotation data that include the GO, domain, disease, drug, chromosomal location, and custom-defined annotations. Diverse types of molecular networks (pathways, transcription and microRNA regulations, protein-protein interaction) are also included. The pair-wise relationship between annotation gene sets was calculated using kappa statistics. GARNET consists of three modules - <it>gene set manager</it>, <it>gene set analysis</it> and <it>gene set retrieval</it>, which are tightly integrated to provide virtually automatic analysis for gene sets. A dedicated viewer for annotation network has been developed to facilitate exploration of the related annotations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>GARNET (gene annotation relationship network tools) is an integrative platform for diverse types of gene set analysis, where complex relationships among gene annotations can be easily explored with an intuitive network visualization tool (<url>http://garnet.isysbio.org/</url> or <url>http://ercsb.ewha.ac.kr/garnet/</url>).</p

Schizophrenia-associated somatic copy-number variants from 12,834 cases reveal recurrent NRXN1 and ABCB11 disruptions

While germline copy-number variants (CNVs) contribute to schizophrenia (SCZ) risk, the contribution of somatic CNVs (sCNVs)—present in some but not all cells—remains unknown. We identified sCNVs using blood-derived genotype arrays from 12,834 SCZ cases and 11,648 controls, filtering sCNVs at loci recurrently mutated in clonal blood disorders. Likely early-developmental sCNVs were more common in cases (0.91%) than controls (0.51%, p = 2.68e−4), with recurrent somatic deletions of exons 1–5 of the NRXN1 gene in five SCZ cases. Hi-C maps revealed ectopic, allele-specific loops forming between a potential cryptic promoter and non-coding cis-regulatory elements upon 5′ deletions in NRXN1. We also observed recurrent intragenic deletions of ABCB11, encoding a transporter implicated in anti-psychotic response, in five treatment-resistant SCZ cases and showed that ABCB11 is specifically enriched in neurons forming mesocortical and mesolimbic dopaminergic projections. Our results indicate potential roles of sCNVs in SCZ risk

Source Coding for Line Drawings (Chain, Delta, Image, Opta, Rate-Distortion Function).

This dissertation considers problems in source coding of line drawing images such as h and writing, maps, drawings and trajectories. In particular, this dissertation focuses on two major problems: (1) given a fixed rate, how can one encode line drawings so that an accurate reproduction is obtained from their binary representations, (2) given a fixed encoding rate, what is the theoretical limit to the reproduction accuracy. For the first problem, this dissertation introduces and analyzes a new class of chain codes. These are called delta codes because of their similarity to delta modulation for waveforms. This dissertation proposes a specific encoding rule for delta codes that makes the reproduction behave nicely and , consequently, makes it possible to calculate the per-length average rate and per-length average area-of-error distortion. Such calculations are first made for delta codes applied to infinite straight lines, and then to infinite slowly curving lines. The performance analysis shows the expected result: for infinite straight and slowly curving lines, delta codes outperform other chain codes with the same link type set. For the second problem, r and om line drawing models and bounds to their OPTA (Optimum Performance Theoretically Achievable) functions are discussed. Considered is a r and om waveform model that consists of one deterministic and one r and om coordinate. The deterministic coordinate of the model is chosen to be linear in time. With properly selected parameters, this model has two useful properties: realistic smoothness and mathematical tractability. As distortion measures, per-length average distance and average squared distance distortion measures are considered. These have the advantage that they are well defined for any curving lines and any reproductions. Since one coordinate of the model is deterministic, its OPTA function can be related to the OPTA or the rate-distortion function of its r and om coordinate. Using such an approach, upper and lower bounds to the OPTA functions for stationary ergodic Gaussian r and om waveform models are derived.Ph.D.Electrical engineeringUniversity of Michiganhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/161117/1/8621315.pd

Self-Immolative Nitric Oxide Prodrug for Inhibition of Lymphatic Metastasis

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Ultrasound-responsive nanogenerator for non-invasive neural stimulation

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Lymph-Directed Self-Immolative Nitric Oxide Prodrug for Inhibition of Intractable Metastatic Cancer

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Higher Education's Contribution to Growth and Competitiveness

노트 : High Level Knowledge Forum: Expanding the Frontiers in Development Policy under Korea’s Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP) 행사명 : High Level Knowledge Foru

Ultrasound-Responsive Smart Nanogenerator for Deep Brain Stimulation via Nitric Oxide-Mediated Temporal Disruption of Blood-Brain Barrier, and Piezoelectric Neural Stimulation

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