1,829 research outputs found
The Impact of Coronavirus (COVID-19) on E-commerce and Customer Spending Pattern in South Korea – e-Market Trends, Forecasts and Statistics
Coronavirus (COVID-19) has caused a lot of disarray in all sectors across the world. Businesses have been significantly affected by the spread of the virus. Manufacturing, tours and travel, education, among other have been profoundly affected. A lot of strain has been exerted on most multinational operations. The pandemic has impacted retail trading. The need for e-trading and e-commerce has significantly increased because they promote distribution of products with minimal contact between the sellers and the buyers. This paper looks at how international trade has been impacted through addressing methods that have been employed to ensure that countries such as China and South Korea have managed to carry out their manufacturing processes and exportation. The paper explores the available literature regarding the purchasing behavior of prospective customers during the COVID-19 period. Data has been collected in different parts of the world to get facts about the impact of the pandemic. Market trends and future statistics forecasts have been provided. The research has also given possible recommendations that can be adopted by the World Health Organization and all the nations of the world to help in containing the COVID-19 and bring back sanity across the globe.  Keywords:COVID-19,E-commerce,Spending Pattern;South-Korea;e-MarketTrendDOI: 10.7176/JMCR/69-03Publication date:July 31st 202
The source of the associative deficit in aging: the role of attentional resources for processing relational information
Previous studies have proposed an associative deficit hypothesis, which attributes part of older adults' deficient episodic memory performance to their difficulty in creating cohesive episodes. According to the ADH, older adults show disproportionate deficits in relational memory (RM) relative to item memory (IM). The disproportionate RM deficit in older adults has been demonstrated with a variety of memory tasks, such as word-word, word-font, and face-name pairs. Despite rich evidence of an age-related RM deficit, the source of this deficit remains unspecified. One of the most widely investigated factors is the reduction in attentional resources in older adults. To investigate the effect of reduced attentional resources on RM performance, previous researchers have imposed a secondary task load on young adults during encoding of memory lists to divide attentional resources into two different tasks. However, none of the existing studies have found a disproportionate RM impairment in young adults under divided attention conditions. The current project investigated whether a reduction in attentional resources for relational processing underlies the memory impairments observed in aging. Using behavioral and functional neuroimaging techniques, I conducted three studies aimed at determining: 1) whether imposing a secondary task load for relational processing makes young adults' memory performance mimic the age-related RM deficit, and 2) whether the effect of reduced attentional resources for relational processing on RM is similar to the effect of aging at the neural level, using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The results from the two behavioral studies indicate that a reduction in attentional resources for relational processing in young adults during encoding equates their performance in RM to that of older adults. Furthermore, the results from the fMRI study demonstrate that both aging and reductions in relational attention processing in young adults significantly reduced activity in the brain areas critical for RM formation, namely, the ventrolateral and dorsolateral PFC, superior and inferior parietal regions, and left hippocampus. This converging evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies thus documents the first evidence that the reduction in attentional resources for relational processing is the critical factor for the age-related RM deficit
Making international law truly ‘international’? Reflecting on colonial approaches to the China-Vietnam dispute in the South China Sea and the tribute system
Before non-European regions adopted international law, a different set of law of territory governed the non-European regions. Notwithstanding their differences, international courts and tribunals have approached non-European territorial disputes through a single lens of Eurocentric international law. The general claim of this article is that international courts and tribunals should approach non-European territorial disputes with special consideration to account for the region’s historical system. This article case studies the China-Vietnam dispute in the South China Sea to advance this claim. Through the case study, I argue that East Asian concepts of sovereignty do not equate with those employed by Eurocentric international law. I then suggest guidelines for considering regional systems when ruling on non-European territorial disputes. If international courts and tribunals do not change their legal approach, this not only distorts the historical realities of the non-European regions but also results in unfair dispute settlements
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Development of a proposed toddler caregiver training program for South Korea.
Based on the survey results of 150 South Korea toddler caregivers about training needs, I developed a relationship-based approach for a toddler caregiver training program. The training program was modified using suggestions provided by 6 South Korean professors, who were asked to review the program. Survey findings revealed that: (a) All participants (toddler caregivers) perceived that it is necessary for caregivers to attend training. However, most (72.2%) found that it was difficult to attend training programs more than 1 time per year because it was hard to find a substitute teacher (64%). Participants desired to attend training programs on toddler care because of the lack of in-service education (26%), curriculum (24%), and training programs (15.3%); (b) Caregivers who had the third-degree caregiver certification preferred to learn parent education more than child development. However, caregivers who had a higher degree of caregiver certification preferred to learn child development more than parent education; and (c) Caregivers who had more than 5 years of teaching experience preferred to learn about the teacher's role more than caregivers who had fewer than 4 years of teaching experience. Future studies need to evaluate the effect of this relationship-based training program for toddler caregivers in relation to improvement in the quality of child care and interaction between caregivers and toddlers. A large-scale study would increase the generalizability of research findings. A larger sample size from different cities in South Korea and random sampling would generate more reliable findings
Preliminary evidence for the psychophysiological effects of technologic feature in e-commerce
As information and communication technologies are advanced, consumers are now able to enhance their e-commerce experiences regardless the channel, and it leads fashion retailers to develop better innovative experiential strategy to secure sustainable competency. The purpose of this study is to focus on apparel website to investigate the effect of branded contents on consumer\u27s pleasure and arousal that in turn may influence consumer\u27s response behaviors. This study employed S-O-R paradigm which explains that consumers\u27 inner organisms change according to the exposed external stimulation, and the changes antedate behavioral responses. Pleasure and arousal were measured with BioPAC MP150, which indicates the changes of electromyogram (EMG: pleasure), galvanic skin reflex (GSR: arousal), and heart rate (HR: pleasure) follow by the self-reported survey about behavioral responses. This study found that the effect for e-commerce\u27s branded content video on consumer\u27s response is indirect, and change of arousal is an indicator of hedonic shopping behavior
Regular Schur labeled skew shape posets and their 0-Hecke modules
Assuming Stanley's -partition conjecture holds, the regular Schur labeled
skew shape posets with underlying set are precisely the
posets such that the -partition generating function is symmetric and the
set of linear extensions of , denoted , is a left weak Bruhat
interval in the symmetric group . We describe the permutations
in in terms of reading words of standard Young tableaux when
is a regular Schur labeled skew shape poset, and classify 's up to
descent-preserving isomorphism as ranges over regular Schur labeled skew
shape posets. The results obtained are then applied to classify the -Hecke
modules associated with regular Schur labeled skew shape posets
up to isomorphism. Then we characterize regular Schur labeled skew shape
posets as the posets whose linear extensions form a dual plactic-closed subset
of . Using this characterization, we construct distinguished
filtrations of with respect to the Schur basis when is a
regular Schur labeled skew shape poset. Further issues concerned with the
classification and decomposition of the -Hecke modules are
also discussed.Comment: 44 page
Effects of intelligence and approximate number system on the non-symbolic division ability in preschoolers
Recently, it has become evident that cognitive abilities such as the approximate number system (ANS), number knowledge, and intelligence affect individuals’ fundamental mathematical ability. However, it is unclear which of these cognitive abilities have the greatest impact on the non-symbolic division ability in preschoolers. Therefore, in the present study, we included 4- to 6-year-old Korean preschoolers without prior formal education of division in order to test their ability to solve non-symbolic division problems, ANS acuity, and intelligence, and to determine the interrelationships among those functions (N = 38). We used the Panamath Dot Comparison Paradigm to measure the ANS acuity, employed non-symbolic division tasks to measure the ability to solve non-symbolic division problems, and measured the intelligence using the Korean version of the WPPSI-IV (Wechsler Preschool Primary Scale of Intelligence-IV). Our results showed that, in all conditions of the non-symbolic division tasks, the 4- to 6-years old children were able to perform better than chance level. Additionally, in a relatively easy condition, the children’s performance showed a significant positive correlation with full-scale intelligence quotient (FSIQ) and ANS acuity; however, in a more complex condition, only FSIQ was significantly correlated with their performance. Overall, we found significant relationships between the children’s performance in the non-symbolic division tasks and verbal comprehension, fluid reasoning, and processing speed index. Taken together, our findings demonstrate that preschoolers without formal education on the arithmetic problem solving can solve non-symbolic division problems. Moreover, we suggest that both FSIQ and ANS ability play essential roles in children’s ability to solve non-symbolic division problems, highlighting the significance of intelligence on children’s fundamental mathematical ability
An Approach to the Difference of Store Environments on Customer Experience Realms and Behaviors
The purpose of this study is to investigate the store environment if the presence of technology and different brand types have significant effect on customer experience realms and behavior intentions
The Effects of Attention on Age-related Relational Memory Deficits: fMRI Evidence from a Novel Attentional Manipulation
Numerous studies have documented that older adults (OAs) do not perform as well as young adults (YAs) when task demands require the establishment or retrieval of a novel link between previously unrelated information (relational memory: RM). Nonetheless, the source of this age-related RM deficit remains unspecified. One of the most widely investigated factors is an age-related reduction in attentional resources. To investigate this factor, previous researchers have tested whether dividing YAs' attention during encoding equated their RM performance to that of OAs. However, results from these studies failed to replicate the age-related RM impairment observed in aging. The current study investigated whether a reduction in attentional resources for processing of relational information (i.e., relational attention) underlies age-related RM deficits. Using fMRI, we examined whether the effect of reduced attentional resources for processing of relational information is similar to that observed in aging at both behavioral and neural levels. The behavioral results showed that reduced attentional resources for relational information during encoding equated YAs RM performance to that of OAs. Furthermore, the fMRI results demonstrated that both aging, as well as reductions in relational attention in YAs, significantly reduced activity in brain areas associated with successful RM formation, namely, the ventrolateral and dorsolateral PFC, superior and inferior parietal regions, and left hippocampus. Such converging evidence from behavioral and neuroimaging studies suggests that a reduction in attentional resources for relational information is a critical factor for the RM deficit observed in aging
The effects of attention on age-related relational memory deficits: Evidence from a novel attentional manipulation.
Healthy aging is often accompanied by episodic memory decline. Prior studies have consistently demonstrated that older adults show disproportionate deficits in relational memory (RM) relative to item memory (IM). Despite rich evidence of an age-related RM deficit, the source of this deficit remains unspecified. One of the most widely investigated factors of age-related RM impairment is a reduction in attentional resources. However, no prior studies have demonstrated that reduced attentional resources are the critical source of age-related RM deficits. Here, we utilized qualitatively different attention tasks, and tested whether reduced attention for relational processing underlies the RM deficit observed in aging. In Experiment 1, we imposed either item-detection or relation-detection attention tasks on young adults during episodic memory encoding, and found that only the concurrent attention task involving relational processing disproportionately impaired RM performance in young adults. Moreover, by ruling out the possible confound of task-difficulty on the disproportionate RM impairment, we further demonstrated that reduced relational attention is a key factor for the age-related RM deficit. In Experiment 2, we replicated the results from Experiment 1 using different materials of stimuli and found that the effect of relational attention on RM is material-general. The results of Experiment 2 also showed that reducing attentional resources for relational processing in young adults strikingly equated their RM performance to that of older adults. Thus, the current study documents the first evidence that reduced attentional resources for relational processing are a critical factor for the relational memory impairment observed in aging
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