Corporate apology and cultural difference: A comparison of the United States and South Korea in cyber-security breach crisis

The purpose of this study is to examine characteristics of apology (responsibility admittance, sympathetic expression, compensation, reassurance) and other features of crisis response such as use of excuses, function of apology, and organizational representation appearing in official statements when cyber-security breaches threaten an organizational reputation. Ultimately, 108 official statements issued by organizations in the United States and South Korea were analyzed through a quantitative content analysis. The results showed that (1) the most common type of data breach is identity theft, and almost all types of industry are exposed to the risk of data breach incidents; (2) internal security vulnerabilities including “malicious insider” and “accidental loss” are the second most frequent cause of cyber-security breaches; and (3) culture plays a significant role in the characteristics of apology (responsibility, sympathy, compensation, reassurance), use of excuse, function of apology, and organizational representation in official statements

You are cordially (un)invited: My Korean Femme Strategy and Aspiration for Survival and Queer Futures

You are cordially (un)invited: My Korean Femme Strategy and Aspiration for Survival and Queer Futures documents a series of ceremonies dedicated to the years I have survived. This book has branched from a project of the same name that consists of a durational installation, performance, and series of events. The project and book are an aspirational gesture to send off the part of myself–that had to compromise, comply, and negotiate with institutions–for a rebirth to live a life beyond survival. As a book and project, You are cordially (un)invited is a culmination of my experiences as a Korean femme, using 눈치(noonchi) to navigate myself through an institution and its pedagogy built to uphold a wealthy white-cis-hetero culture. It also encompasses navigating the U.S. immigration system while seeking agency amidst expectations, rules, and legal responsibilities that are tied to the support of such institutions. The project entails an installation in which I reflect on my time in RISD’s graduate program by visually interweaving my thoughts, experiences, belongings, gifts, references, photos, writings, and documentation, including elements from my community-specific project Practice Complaint!. Following the installation, a three-day funeral party is held to mourn and celebrate with invited guests. This funeral party is an ode to my close memory of a Korean funeral: three consecutive days of eating, drinking, and playing games throughout each night as a remembrance of the deceased and support to grieving loved ones. As a practice of care: snacks, food, tea, and non-alcoholic beverages will be shared on-site with the invited guests. Guests are welcome to explore, feel, and talk. For the duration of the event, You are cordially (un)invited is only accessible to these invited guests. Through the process of making the book, I am commemorating the material and immaterial remnants from both this new project and the previous project Practice Complaint! 안녕

Między ‘narodem’ a ‘literaturą’: koreańska poezja robotnicza i literatura reportażu w latach 80. wieku XX

This paper reviews three books which symbolically represent a new direction in ‘minjung literature’ in the 1980s. Labor poet Park No-hae (박노해)’s collection of poems, Dawn of Labor (노동의 새벽), was popular when it was published because it was literature in the form of poetry written by a real member of the minjung who kept his identity as a worker secret by becoming a faceless poet. Song Hyo-soon (송효순)’s memoir, Road to Seoul (서울로 가는 길) records the miserable reality of factories as the subaltern writing. Park Tae-soon (박태순)’s The Land and the Minjung (국토와 민중) was reportage (reporting) literature that records his travels around the country. He shows that the history of ‘minjung’ physically exists within the country and testifies that the land was owned by the ‘minjung’. These three books reflect how ‘minjung literature’ in the 1980s testified to the ‘minjung’. Concern about how to describe and represent the ‘minjung’ shows thoughts about both the ‘minjung’ and literature. The ‘minjung’ testimonies written in a variety of literary styles cause readers to ask themselves what literature is. ‘Minjung’ poetry poetry and reportage in the 1980s can help answer this question.Niniejszy artykuł zwraca uwagę na trzy książki, które symbolicznie rysują nowy kierunek w 'literaturze narodowej' w latach 80. wieku XX. Tomik poezji robotniczej Park No-hae zatytułowany Świt pracy zyskał popularność już z chwilą ukazania się – była to poezja napisana przez rzeczywistego przedstawiciela narodu, który ukrył swoją robotniczą tożsamość za maską bezimiennego poety. Lakonicznie zapisane wspomnienia Song Hyo-soon, zatytułowane Droga do Seulu, odnotowują nędzne realia pracy w fabrykach. Kraj i naród Park Tae-soona to przykład literatury reporterskiej, która opisuje jego podróże po kraju. Pokazuje on, że historia 'narodu' istnieje w kraju namacalnie i zaświadcza o tym, że kraj należy do 'narodu'. Te trzy dzieła przybliżają sposób, w jaki 'literatura narodowa' lat 80. wieku XX świadczyła o 'narodzie'. Troska o to, jak opisać i odzwierciedlić 'naród' ukazuje myśli zarówno o 'narodzie', jak i o 'literaturze'. Świadectwa 'narodu' ujęte w różnych stylach literackich sprawiają, że czytelnicy zadają sobie pytanie o to, czym jest 'literatura'. Poezja 'narodowa' i reportaż lat 80. minionego wieku mogą udzielić na te pytania odpowiedzi

Three Essays on Corporate Sustainability Language

My dissertation explores how public firms employ language in their Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports to lengthen the horizons of their strategic decisions. The three essays included in my dissertation introduce and investigate the pursuit of temporal equilibrium in the aftermath of the 2008 Financial Crisis. Specifically, I compare the emphasis placed on the short versus long- future in the annual sustainability reports of public firms and derive three explanations for the increased emphasis of long-termism. In Essay 1 (Chapter 2), I describe how firms seek and find temporal equilibrium after the Financial Crisis. Using topic modeling, I linguistically and visually retrace the emergence of richer vocabularies by which firms describe their futures. This retrospective analysis shows how the emphasis on spatio-temporal metaphors (proximal and distal) qualified firms’ financial and social responsibilities. In Essay 2 (Chapter 3), I investigate how firms allocate attention between the short- and long-future. I introduce the concept of bifocality to underscore that public firms focus on both the short- and long-future at once. Using fsQCA analysis on changes in four topics derived and described in Essay 1 over the decade following the Financial Crisis, I reveal four different ways in which organizations linguistically create their different futures. In Essay 3 (Chapter 4), I elaborate on the role of third parties in accelerating firms’ long-termism. I focus on non-activist institutional investors who shared the fate of firms during the Financial Crisis by choosing to stay with the firms. I argue and find that these institutional investors increased long-termism whether they chose to stay (via a concentration mechanism) or leave (via a turnover mechanism) after the crisis. This essay extends the argument of attentional control by showing how attentional interdependencies during periods of adversity enable third parties to continue to influence firms’ horizons during periods of stability. The three essays show how, in the decade following the Financial Crisis, public firms embraced spatio-temporal metaphors to qualify their activities, became bifocal by actively balancing near and far futures in their reports, and continued to match the longer-term horizons of institutional investors willing to share their fate

A High-Resolution Dataset for Instance Detection with Multi-View Instance Capture

Instance detection (InsDet) is a long-lasting problem in robotics and computer vision, aiming to detect object instances (predefined by some visual examples) in a cluttered scene. Despite its practical significance, its advancement is overshadowed by Object Detection, which aims to detect objects belonging to some predefined classes. One major reason is that current InsDet datasets are too small in scale by today's standards. For example, the popular InsDet dataset GMU (published in 2016) has only 23 instances, far less than COCO (80 classes), a well-known object detection dataset published in 2014. We are motivated to introduce a new InsDet dataset and protocol. First, we define a realistic setup for InsDet: training data consists of multi-view instance captures, along with diverse scene images allowing synthesizing training images by pasting instance images on them with free box annotations. Second, we release a real-world database, which contains multi-view capture of 100 object instances, and high-resolution (6k x 8k) testing images. Third, we extensively study baseline methods for InsDet on our dataset, analyze their performance and suggest future work. Somewhat surprisingly, using the off-the-shelf class-agnostic segmentation model (Segment Anything Model, SAM) and the self-supervised feature representation DINOv2 performs the best, achieving >10 AP better than end-to-end trained InsDet models that repurpose object detectors (e.g., FasterRCNN and RetinaNet).Comment: Accepted by NeurIPS 2023, Datasets and Benchmarks Trac

Dietary Glucose Consumption Promotes RALDH Activity in Small Intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(+) Dendritic Cells

Retinal dehydrogenase (RALDH) enzymatic activities catalyze the conversion of vitamin A to its metabolite Retinoic acid (RA) in intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and promote immunological tolerance. However, precise understanding of the exogenous factors that act as initial trigger of RALDH activity in these cells is still evolving. By using germ-free (GF) mice raised on an antigen free (AF) elemental diet, we find that certain components in diet are critically required to establish optimal RALDH expression and activity, most prominently in small intestinal CD103(+)CD11b(+) DCs (siLP-DCs) right from the beginning of their lives. Surprisingly, systematic screens using modified diets devoid of individual dietary components indicate that proteins, starch and minerals are dispensable for this activity. On the other hand, in depth comparison between subtle differences in dietary composition among different dietary regimes reveal that adequate glucose concentration in diet is a critical determinant for establishing RALDH activity specifically in siLP-DCs. Consequently, pre-treatment of siLP-DCs, and not mesenteric lymph node derived MLNDCs with glucose, results in significant enhancement in the in vitro generation of induced Regulatory T (iTreg) cells. Our findings reveal previously underappreciated role of dietary glucose concentration in establishing regulatory properties in intestinal DCs, thereby extending a potential therapeutic module against intestinal inflammation11Ysciescopu

Relationships of internet gaming reasons to biological indicators and risk of internet gaming addiction in Korean adolescent male game users

Background There are no standard diagnostic criteria or interventions for internet gaming addiction (IGA) even though IGA is one of the most pervasive public health issues among youth worldwide. Internet gaming reasons or motivations have been studied as a potential predictor of IGA, but the results have been inconsistent and biological indicators of gaming reasons have rarely been studied. We sought to (1) identify categories of internet gaming reasons, (2) examine the relationship of gaming reasons to risk of IGA, and (3) describe biological indicators associated with reasons for gaming. Methods We used a multi-phase cross-sectional design including individual interviews; focus group discussion; and descriptive, comparative analysis. Fifteen Korean adolescent male internet gamers participated in individual interviews and eight participated in a focus group aimed at identifying reasons for internet gaming. Using the identified gaming reasons from these sources we surveyed 225 adolescent game users using a self-report questionnaire. Participants provided blood samples for assessment of norepinephrine (NE) and serum cortisol. Results We identified four major categories of internet gaming reasons: entertainment, getting along with friends, stress relief, and habitual gaming. The habitual group showed significantly greater risk of IGA than the other groups (p < .001) and the lowest plasma NE levels (p = .035), possibly indicating an alteration in autonomic function. Conclusion Health care providers are encouraged to screen adolescents for excessive internet gaming and to intervene with those who report habitual gaming behaviors. When feasible, assessment of biological indicators, such as plasma NE, may help to identify youth at greatest risk of IGA

Effects of biofeedback-based sleep improvement program on urinary symptoms and sleep patterns of elderly Korean women with overactive bladder syndrome

Background The prevalence of overactive bladder syndrome (OAB) increases with age. Sleep disturbances in elderly individuals with OAB is a common problem. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a biofeedback-based sleep improvement (BBSI) program on urinary symptoms and sleep patterns in elderly Korean women with OAB. Methods A non-equivalent control group pre−/post-test design was used. Elderly women with OAB were assigned to an intervention group (n = 20) or a control group (n = 18). The BBSI program was implemented in the intervention group for 12 weeks, while two educational sessions of general sleep hygiene and lifestyle modification were provided to the control group. Using SPSS 23.0, the data were analyzed by descriptive analysis using the chi-square test, Fishers exact test, Mann-Whitney test, and Wilcoxon test. Results After the 12-week BBSI program, significant improvements were found in the intervention groups the square root of the mean squared differences of successive R-R intervals (p = 0.025), low frequency/high frequency ratio (p = 0.006), and epinephrine (p = 0.039). We also observed a significant difference in urinary symptoms, sleep efficiency, wake after sleep onset, number of awakenings, and number of awakenings within 3 h after sleep onset (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.001, p = 0.001, and p = 0.048, respectively). However, no significant changes were found in these variables in the control group. Conclusions The BBSI program effectively improved urinary symptoms and sleep patterns of elderly Korean women with OAB. Further longitudinal research is required to investigate the sustainability and effects of the BBSI program. Trial registration KCT0003882. Date of registration: 02/05/2019. Retrospectively registered.This research was supported by the Bisa Research Grant of Keimyung University in 2017. This funder had no role in the study design; data collection, analysis, or interpretation; writing the manuscript; or the decision to submit the paper for publication

Deficiency of Capicua disrupts bile acid homeostasis

Capicua (CIC) has been implicated in pathogenesis of spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and cancer in mammals; however, the in vivo physiological functions of CIC remain largely unknown. Here we show that Cic hypomorphic (Cic-L-/-) mice have impaired bile acid (BA) homeostasis associated with induction of proinflammatory cytokines. We discovered that several drug metabolism and BA transporter genes were down-regulated in Cic-L-/- liver, and that BA was increased in the liver and serum whereas bile was decreased within the gallbladder of Cic-L-/- mice. We also found that levels of proinflammatory cytokine genes were up-regulated in Cic-L-/- liver. Consistent with this finding, levels of hepatic transcriptional regulators, such as hepatic nuclear factor 1 alpha (HNF1 alpha), CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBP beta), forkhead box protein A2 (FOXA2), and retinoid X receptor alpha (RXR alpha), were markedly decreased in Cic-L-/- mice. Moreover, induction of tumor necrosis factor alpha (Tnf alpha) expression and decrease in the levels of FOXA2, C/EBP beta, and RXRa were found in Cic-L-/- liver before BA was accumulated, suggesting that inflammation might be the cause for the cholestasis in Cic-L-/- mice. Our findings indicate that CIC is a critical regulator of BA homeostasis, and that its dysfunction might be associated with chronic liver disease and metabolic disorders.1

Genetic association of human Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Receptor 1 (CRHR1) with Internet gaming addiction in Korean male adolescents

Background The number of people with Internet gaming addiction (IGA) is increasing around the world. IGA is known to be associated with personal characteristics, psychosocial factors, and physiological factors. However, few studies have examined the genetic factors related to IGA. This study aimed to investigate the association between IGA and stress-related genetic variants. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted with 230 male high school students in a South Korean city. We selected five stress-related candidate genes: DAT1, DRD4, NET8, CHRNA4, and CRHR1. The DAT1 and DRD4 genes were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction, and the NET8, CHRNA4, and CRHR1 genes were genotyped by pyrosequencing analysis. We performed a Chi-square test to examine the relationship of these five candidate genes to IGA. Results Having the AA genotype and the A allele of the CRHR1 gene (rs28364027) was associated with higher odds of belonging to the IGA participant group (p = .016 and p = .021, respectively) than to the non-IGA group. By contrast, the DAT1, DRD4, NET8, and CHRNA4 gene polymorphisms showed no significant difference between the IGA group and control group. Conclusions These results indicate that polymorphism of the CRHR1 gene may play an important role in IGA susceptibility in the Korean adolescent male population. These findings provide a justification and foundation for further investigation of genetic factors related to IGA