Indiana’s Past & Future Climate: A Report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment

Indiana’s climate is changing. Temperatures are rising, more precipitation is falling and the last spring frost of the year has been getting steadily earlier. This report from the Indiana Climate Change Impacts Assessment (IN CCIA) describes historical climate trends from more than a century of data, and future projections that detail the ways in which our climate will continue to change

Revisiting grammatical particles from an interactional perspective: The case of the so-called ‘subject’ and ‘topic’ particles as pragmatic markers in Japanese and Korean.

JOURNAL OF PRAGMATICS18831-3

Asymmetric Split-Gate 4H-SiC MOSFET with Embedded Schottky Barrier Diode for High-Frequency Applications

4H-SiC Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) with embedded Schottky barrier diodes are widely known to improve switching energy loss by reducing reverse recovery characteristics. However, it weakens the static characteristics such as specific on-resistance and breakdown voltage. To solve this problem, in this paper, an Asymmetric 4H-SiC Split Gate MOSFET with embedded Schottky barrier diode (ASG-MOSFET) is proposed and analyzed by conducting a numerical TCAD simulation. Due to the asymmetric structure of ASG-MOSFET, it has a relatively narrow junction field-effect transistor width. Therefore, despite using the split gate structure, it effectively protects the gate oxide by dispersing the high drain voltage. The Schottky barrier diode (SBD) is also embedded next to the gate and above the Junction Field Effect transistor (JFET) region. Accordingly, since the SBD and the MOSFET share a current path, the embedded SBD does not increase in RON,SP of MOSFET. Therefore, ASG-MOSFET improves both static and switching characteristics at the same time. As a result, compared to the conventional 4H-SiC MOSFET with embedded SBD, Baliga′s Figure of Merit is improved by 17%, and the total energy loss is reduced by 30.5%, respectively

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Doped-InP Clusters and Nanostructures

Understanding and controlling the nucleation stage before the continuous growth is important for nanoparticle science. In semiconductor nanocrystal quantum dot (QD) syntheses, 1-2 nm sized clusters are often formed before the continuous growth of nanostructures. InP QDs attract great interest because they do not have heavy metals and the band gap can be tuned to visible range and thus can be well suited for display materials. We report synthesis and applications of metal doped InP clusters. Various clusters exhibit sharp excitonic absorption in UV-Vis region. Their mass was elucidated using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-offlight( MALDI-TOF) spectroscopy. Their chemical composition and dopant quantity was determined by ICP-AES analysis. Various InP nanostructures that included branched InP nanostructures were synthesized using the undoped and metal doped InP clusters as a precursor. TEM investigations revealed branch diameters of the lateral dimension of 2-4 nm and the length of 5-20 nm. X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns of branched nanostructures match the zinc blende structure of InP. Also the synthesis strategy by mixing two kinds of clusters was tried to synthesize InP nanostructure and their emission wavelength could be controlled by changing reaction temperature.1

Shape Control of Colloidal Indium Phosphide Nanostructures via Cluster-mediated Synthesis

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Optimization of Component Sizing for a Fuel Cell-Powered Truck to Minimize Ownership Cost

In this study, we consider fuel cell-powered electric trucks (FCETs) as an alternative to conventional medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. FCETs use a battery combined with onboard hydrogen storage for energy storage. The additional battery provides regenerative braking and better fuel economy, but it will also increase the initial cost of the vehicle. Heavier reliance on stored hydrogen might be cheaper initially, but operational costs will be higher because hydrogen is more expensive than electricity. Achieving the right tradeoff between these power and energy choices is necessary to reduce the ownership cost of the vehicle. This paper develops an optimum component sizing algorithm for FCETs. The truck vehicle model was developed in Autonomie, a platform for modelling vehicle energy consumption and performance. The algorithm optimizes component sizes to minimize overall ownership cost, while ensuring that the FCET matches or exceeds the performance and cargo capacity of a conventional vehicle. Class 4 delivery truck and class 8 linehaul trucks are shown as examples. We estimate the ownership cost for various hydrogen costs, powertrain components, ownership periods, and annual vehicle miles travelled

A review of carbon mineralization mechanism during geological CO2 storage

The CO2 trap mechanisms during carbon capture and storage (CCS) are classified into structural, residual, solution, and mineral traps. The latter is considered as the most permanent and stable storage mechanism as the injected CO2 is stored in solid form by the carbon mineralization. In this study, the carbon mineralization process in geological CO2 storage in basalt, sandstone, carbonate, and shale are reviewed. In addition, relevant studies related to the carbon mineralization mechanisms, and suggestions for future research directions are proposed. The carbon mineralization is defined as the conversion of CO2 into stable carbon minerals by reacting with divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+, or Fe2+. The process is mainly affected by rock types, temperature, fluid composition, injected CO2 phase, competing reaction, and nucleation. Rock properties such as permeability, porosity, and rock strength can be altered by the carbon mineralization. Since changes of the properties are directly related to injectivity, storage capacity, and stability during the geological CO2 storage, the carbon mineralization mechanism should be considered for an optimal CCS design

Controlled Sulfurization of Ag Nanorod into Ag-Ag2S Hetero-Nanorod

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Controlled Sulfurization of Ag Nanorod into Ag-Ag2S Hetero-Nanorod

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