Abelian arithmetic Chern-Simons theory and arithmetic linking numbers

Following the method of Seifert surfaces in knot theory, we define arithmetic linking numbers and height pairings of ideals using arithmetic duality theorems, and compute them in terms of n-th power residue symbols. This formalism leads to a precise arithmetic analogue of a 'path-integral formula' for linking numbers

탄소구조를 포함하는 고분자 막의 합성과 분석, 그리고 수처리로의 응용

학위논문 (박사)-- 서울대학교 대학원 : 화학생물공학부, 2017. 2. 이종찬.본 논문은 탄소 구조를 포함하는 고분자 막의 합성 및 분석, 그리고 나노여과와 역삼투 여과를 포함하는 수처리로의 응용에 대하여 기술하였다. 첫째, 카본나노튜브 (Carbon nanotube, CNT) 를 포함하는 역삼투막을 메타 페닐렌 다이아민 (m-phenylene diamine, MPD) 수용액과 트리메조일 클로라이드 (trimesoyl chloride, TMC) 유기용액 간 계면중합을 통해 제조하였다. 표면개질이 최적화된 CNT는 폴리아마이드 (Polyamide, PA) 매질 내에 고르게 분산되어 있으며, 이러한 것은 원자 힘 현미경, 전자 현미경, 라만 분광법 등을 통하여 확인되었다. CNT가 함유된 혼합 역삼투막은 탄소나노튜브가 포함되지 않은 PA막보다 우수한 수투과도를 보였으며, 이 때 염제거율은 유사하였다. 또한, 혼합 역삼투막이 PA막보다 우수한 기계적, 화학적 안정성을 나타내었다. 이러한 우수한 수투과도 및 막 안정성은 CNT의 나노기공 및 매질 내 잘 분산되어 있는 상태에 의한 것이다. 둘째, PA 역삼투막 표면에 CNT를 도포한 후 폴리비닐알코올 (Polyvinylalcohol, PVA)를 코팅하여 복합 역삼투막을 제조하였다. 이 때, CNT는 산 처리 과정을 거쳐 표면이 개질된 후 그 분산액을 진공여과하여 도포되었다. 복합 역삼투막은 우수한 기계적 안정성을 보였다. 또한, 미생물에 대한 방오특성이 PA 막, 상용화된 기수용 역삼투막 (LFC-1) 보다 우수하였다. 이러한 복합 역삼투막의 우수한 특성은 CNT의 항균성 및 우수한 기계적 물성, 그리고 PVA의 코팅 및 가교에 기인한 것이다. 셋째, CNT와 그래핀 옥사이드 (GO)를 동시에 함유하는 혼합 역삼투막을 제조하였다. CNT와 GO가 함께 혼합될 때, 증대된 분산도로 인해 많은 양의 탄소나노물질이 역삼투막에 도입될 수 있었다. 따라서, 좋은 분산도로 많은 양의 탄소나노물질이 함유된 CNT, GO를 모두 함유하는 혼합 역삼투막이 가장 우수한 막 성능을 나타내었다. 넷째, GO의 표면이 자가중합이 가능한 탄닌산으로 코팅되었다. 탄닌산의 자가중합은 약염기 완충용액 하에 진행되었다. 표면이 탄닌산으로 코팅된 GO (GO coated by tannic acid, GOT)를 함유하는 혼합 역삼투막은 계면중합법으로 제조되었다. GOT를 함유하는 혼합 역삼투막은 수투과도, 내염소성, 항균성 측면에서 우수한 성능을 나타내었다. 이러한 우수한 막 성능은 GOT의 친수성, 산화성 힘, 장벽 물성, 고분자 매질간 상용성에 기인한 것이다. 마지막으로, 미세기공을 가지는 고분자 막의 탄화를 제어하여 나노여과막을 제조하였다. 기공이 1 나노미터 이하의, 연결된, 마찰력이 적은 탄소기공을 가지는 탄화막은 물 분자를 선택적으로 빠르게 투과시킬 수 있었으며, 좋은 염 제거율을 나타내었다. 더하여, 산소 플라즈마 처리를 통해 염 제거율 감소 없이 수투과도를 더욱 증대시킬 수 있었다. 또한, 표면 처리로 인해 단백질에 대한 방오성능도 함께 증가하였다.This study presents synthesis and characterization of polymeric membranes having carbonaceous structures, and their applications to water purification including nanofiltration (NF) and reverse osmosis (RO) processes. Firstly, polyamide RO membranes with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were prepared by interfacial polymerization using trimesoyl chloride (TMC) solutions in n-hexane and aqueous solutions of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) containing functionalized CNTs. CNTs prepared by an optimized reaction condition were found to be well-dispersed in the polyamide layer, which was confirmed from atomic force microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy studies. The polyamide RO membranes containing well-dispersed CNTs exhibited larger water flux values than polyamide membrane prepared without any CNTs, although the salt rejection values of these membranes are close. Furthermore, the durability and chemical resistance against NaCl solutions of the membranes containing CNTs were found to be improved compared with those of the membrane without CNTs. The high membrane performance and the improved stability of the polyamide membranes containing CNTs were ascribed to the hydrophobic nanochannels of CNTs and well-dispersed states in the polyamide layers formed through the interactions between CNTs and polyamide in the active layers. Second, polyamide RO membranes with deposited CNTs coated with poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) on the surface were prepared by interfacial polymerization followed by the deposition of oxidized CNTs and the coating of PVA on the surface. The polyamide membrane with the oxidized CNTs and PVA coating (PA–CNT–PVA membrane) showed much improved mechanical properties and durability compared with the polyamide membrane without CNTs (PA membrane). The PA–CNT–PVA membrane also exhibited much better antifouling properties than the PA membrane and the commercial RO membrane (LFC-1). The improved durability and antibiofouling performances of the PA–CNT–PVA membrane were possible when the CNTs were well-dispersed on the top of the polyamide active layers and stabilized by the thin crosslinked PVA coatings. Third, polyamide RO membranes containing both carbon nanotubes with acidic groups (CNTa) and graphene oxides (GOs) were prepared by the interfacial polymerization. When the mixtures of CNTa and GO were used as the filler materials for the preparation of the membranes, much larger amounts of the carbon nanomaterials could be well-dispersed in the polymer layers than when CNTa or GO was used by alone, because GO can increase the dispersion of CNTs in the aqueous solutions and the polymer matrix. Therefore, the polyamide membrane containing the mixture of CNTa and GO showed the best membrane performances. Fourth, GOs coated by tannic acid (GOT) can be obtained easily by the self-polymerization of tannic acid in basic buffer solution on a GO surface. Polyamide RO nanocomposite membranes containing GOT in the active layer were prepared by the interfacial polymerization. The polyamide membrane containing GOT (PA-GOT) showed significantly improved performances such as water flux, chlorine resistance, and antimicrobial properties, compared to the polyamide membrane without any additives and the polyamide membranes containing only tannic acid and/or GO. These high performances of PA-GOT membrane could be ascribed to a various of ad vantageous properties of GOT such as improved hydrophilicity, oxidative stress capability, barrier property, and compatibility with the polymer matrix. Finally, a carbonaceous NF membranes (C-PIM-1) were prepared by the controlled carbonization of a PIM-1 membrane. Sub-1 nm-sized, interconnected, low frictional carbonaceous pores of the C-PIM-1 membrane facilitated the permeation of water molecules through the membrane, leading to a high water flux and good salt rejection rate. Moreover, the O2 plasma treatment of the C-PIM-1 membrane resulted in water flux enhancement without decreasing the salt rejection rate, as well as high fouling resistance against proteins. These properties were attributed to the negatively charged hydrophilic membrane surface that decreases the entrance/exit resistance of the carbonaceous pores while facilitating the Donnan exclusion and reduces the interaction of proteins with the membrane surface.1. Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1. Current Needs of Clean Water and Desalination 2 1.2. Polymeric Membranes for Desalination 3 1.3. Rapid Water Transport through Carbonaceous Sturctures 4 1.4. Motivation 6 1.5. References 7 2. Chapter 2 High Performance Reverse Osmosis CNT/Polyamide Nanocomposite Membrane by Controlled Interfacial Interactions 9 2.1. Introduction 10 2.2. Experimental 15 2.3. Results and Discussion 24 2.4. Conclusions 45 2.5. References 46 3. Chapter 3 The Improvement of Antibiofouling Properties of Reverse Osmosis Membrane by Oxidized CNTs 79 3.1. Introduction 80 3.2. Experimental 82 3.3. Results and Discussion 91 3.4. Conclusions 108 3.5. References 109 4. Chapter 4 High Performance Reverse Osmosis Nanocomposite Membranes Containing the Mixture of Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene Oxides 131 4.1. Introduction 132 4.2. Experimental 135 4.3. Results and Discussion 144 4.4. Conclusions 165 4.5. References 166 5. Chapter 5 Reverse Osmosis Nanocomposite Membranes Containing Graphene Oxides Coated by Tannic Acid With Chlorine-Tolerant and Antimicrobial Properties 200 5.1. Introduction 201 5.2. Experimental 203 5.3. Results and Discussion 212 5.4. Conclusions 227 5.5. References 228 6. Chapter 6 A Carbonaceous Membrane based on a Polymer of Intrinsic Microporosity (PIM-1) for Water Treatment 258 6.1. Introduction 259 6.2. Experimental 262 6.3. Results and Discussion 271 6.4. Conclusions 284 6.5. References 286 Abstract in Korean 313Docto

Future development strategies for KODISA journals: overview of 2016 and strategic plans for the future

Purpose – With the rise of the fourth industrial revolution, it has converged with the existing industrial revolution to give shape to increased accessibility of knowledge and information. As a result, it has become easier for scholars to actively pursue and compile research in various fields. This current study aims to focus and assess the current standing of KODISA: the Journal of Distribution Science (JDS), International Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business (IJIDB), the East Asian Journal of Business Management (EAJBM), the Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business (JAFEB) in a rapidly evolving era. Novel strategies for creating the future vision of KODISA 2020 will also be examined. Research design, data, and methodology – The current research will analyze published journals of KODISA in order to offer a vision for the KODISA 2020 future. In part 1, this paper will observe the current address of the KODISA journal and its overview of past achievements. Next, part 2 will discuss the activities that will be needed for journals of KODISA, JDS, IJIDB, EAJBM, JAFEB to branch out internationally and significant journals will be statistically analyzed in part 3. The last part 4 will offer strategies for the continued growth of KODISA and visions for KODISA 2020. Results – Among the KODISA publications, IJIDB was second, JDS was 23rd (in economic publications of 54 journals), and EAJBM was 22nd (out of 79 publications in management field journals). This shows the high quality of the KODISA publication journals. According to 2016 publication analysis, JDS, IJIDB, etc. each had 157 publications, 15 publications, 16 publications, and 28 publications. In the case of JDS, it showed an increase of 14% compared to last year. Additionally, JAFEB showed a significant increase of 68%. This shows that compared to other journals, it had a higher rate of paper submission. IJIDB and EAJBM did not show any significant increases. In JDS, it showed many studies related to the distribution, management of distribution, and consumer behavior. In order to increase the status of the KODISA journal to a SCI status, many more international conferences will open to increase its international recognition levels. Second, the systematic functions of the journal will be developed further to increase its stability. Third, future graduate schools will open to foster future potential leaders in this field and build a platform for innovators and leaders. Conclusions – In KODISA, JDS was first published in 1999, and has been registered in SCOPUS February 2017. Other sister publications within the KODISA are preparing for SCOPUS registration as well. KODISA journals will prepare to be an innovative journal for 2020 and the future beyond

Cases of ethical violation in research publications: through editorial decision making process

Purpose – To improve and strengthen existing publication and research ethics, KODISA has identified and presented various cases which have violated publication and research ethics and principles in recent years. The editorial office of KODISA has been providing and continues to provide advice and feedback on publication ethics to researchers during peer review and editorial decision making process. Providing advice and feedback on publication ethics will ensure researchers to have an opportunity to correct their mistakes or make appropriate decisions and avoid any violations in research ethics. The purpose of this paper is to identify different cases of ethical violation in research and inform and educate researchers to avoid any violations in publication and research ethics. Furthermore, this article will demonstrate how KODISA journals identify and penalize ethical violations and strengthens its publication ethics and practices. Research design, data and methodology – This paper examines different types of ethical violation in publication and research ethics. The paper identifies and analyzes all ethical violations in research and combines them into five general categories. Those five general types of ethical violations are thoroughly examined and discussed. Results – Ethical violations of research occur in various forms at regular intervals; in other words, unethical researchers tend to commit different types of ethical violations repeatedly at same time. The five categories of ethical violation in research are as follows: (1) Arbitrary changes or additions in author(s) happen frequently in thesis/dissertation related publications. (2) Self plagiarism, submitting same work or mixture of previous works with or without using proper citations, also occurs frequently, but the most common type of plagiarism is changing the statistical results and using them to present as the results of the empirical analysis; (3) Translation plagiarism, another ethical violation in publication, is difficult to detect but occurs frequently; (4) Fabrication of data or statistical analysis also occurs frequently. KODISA requires authors to submit the results of the empirical analysis of the paper (the output of the statistical program) to prevent this type of ethical violation; (5) Mashup or aggregator plagiarism, submitting a mix of several different works with or without proper citations without alterations, is very difficult to detect, and KODISA journals consider this type of plagiarism as the worst ethical violation. Conclusions – There are some individual cases of ethical violation in research and publication that could not be included in the five categories presented throughout the paper. KODISA and its editorial office should continue to develop, revise, and strengthen their publication ethics, to learn and share different ways to detect any ethical violations in research and publication, to train and educate its editorial members and researchers, and to analyze and share different cases of ethical violations with the scholarly community

Creating and Transforming a Second-Rank Antisymmetric Field- Strength Tensor F αβ in Minkowski Space using MATHEMATICA

As the laws of physics are expressed in a manner that makes their invariance under coordinate transformations manifest, they should be written in terms of tensors. Furthermore, tensors make manifest the characteristics and behaviors of electromagnetic fields through inhomogeneous, anisotropic, and compressible media. Electromagnetic fields are expressed completely in tensor form, Fαβ, which implies both electric field E and magnetic field B rather than separately in the vector fields. This study presents the Mathematica platform that generates and transforms a second-rank antisymmetric field-strength tensor Fαβ and whiskbroom pattern in Minkowski space. The platforms enhance the capabilities of students and researchers in tensor analysis and improves comprehension of the elegant features of complete structure in physics

CT Evidence for Subchondral Trabecular Injury of the Femoral Head in Transient Osteoporosis of the Hip: A Case Report

A 28-yr-old woman presented with both hip pain that started sequentially during the peripartum period. Diagnosis of transient osteoporosis of the hip (TOH) was made based on typical findings of plain radiographs and magnetic resonance images. The subchondral trabeculae of the femoral head were evaluated on serially taken coronal multiplanar reformation computerized tomogram images. At 4 weeks after pain onset, marked decrease in the sclerotic density with irregular discontinuation was observed in the primary compression trabeculae. At 12 weeks, a focal area of irregular thickening of trabeculae was observed. At 20 weeks, sclerotic density of trabeculae recovered markedly and the focal area of irregular trabecular thickening disappeared. At 1 yr, subchondral trabeculae recovered almost completely. The evidence of subchondral trabecular injury was observed in the femoral heads of TOH