Parity-violating πNN\pi NN coupling constant from the flavor-conserving effective weak chiral Lagrangian

We investigate the parity-violating pion-nucleon-nucleon coupling constant $h^1_{\pi NN}$, based on the chiral quark-soliton model. We employ an effective weak Hamiltonian that takes into account the next-to-leading order corrections from QCD to the weak interactions at the quark level. Using the gradient expansion, we derive the leading-order effective weak chiral Lagrangian with the low-energy constants determined. The effective weak chiral Lagrangian is incorporated in the chiral quark-soliton model to calculate the parity-violating $\pi NN$ constant $h^1_{\pi NN}$. We obtain a value of about $10^{-7}$ at the leading order. The corrections from the next-to-leading order reduce the leading order result by about 20~\%.Comment: 12 page

Examining Online Switching Costs over Search Product and Experience Product Contexts

Many Internet vendors have realized the importance of “locking-in” online customers in order to ensure their profitability. For this reason, many researchers have paid attention to the formation of switching costs which acting as a barrier that prevent customers from easily changing from one vendor to another. Erection of switching barriers will represent an important strategy for locking in customers and increasing their willingness to pay price premium. This study aims to examine the relationships among customer satisfaction, perceived value, relative advantage, and switching costs. This study further examines the effect of switching costs on customer’s willingness to pay more. This study collects data and test the research model over two contexts, search product context and experience product context. The empirical results show the key role of switching costs in leading to willingness to pay more and the relationships among the four constructs. The theoretical and practical implications of this study are then discussed

Transparent conductive oxide films mixed with gallium oxide nanoparticle/single-walled carbon nanotube layer for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes

We propose a transparent conductive oxide electrode scheme of gallium oxide nanoparticle mixed with a single-walled carbon nanotube (Ga(2)O(3) NP/SWNT) layer for deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes using spin and dipping methods. We investigated the electrical, optical and morphological properties of the Ga(2)O(3) NP/SWNT layers by increasing the thickness of SWNTs via multiple dipping processes. Compared with the undoped Ga(2)O(3) films (current level 9.9 × 10(-9) A @ 1 V, transmittance 68% @ 280 nm), the current level flowing in the Ga(2)O(3) NP/SWNT increased by approximately 4 × 10(5) times and the transmittance improved by 9% after 15 times dip-coating (current level 4 × 10(-4) A at 1 V; transmittance 77.0% at 280 nm). These improvements result from both native high transparency of Ga(2)O(3) NPs and high conductivity and effective current spreading of SWNTs

Effects of Forestland Ownership Conversion on Greenhouse Gas Emissions: The Case of South Korea

This research analyzed the effects of forestland conversion from private to public ownership on greenhouse gas emissions by quantifying the relationship between forestland ownership conversion and deforestation, and then examining the effects of the change in deforestation on greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. Ex ante simulations forecast greenhouse gas emissions resulting from deforestation rates under the current level of national forestland and three scenarios of increased percentages of national forestland. The findings suggest that increasing the percentage of national forestland would mitigate the increase in the deforestation rate, which in turn would moderate the increase in greenhouse gas emissions.greenhouse gas emissions, Forestland Ownership, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q15, Q23, Q24, Q54,

Horizontal linear vibrating actuator to reduce smart phone thickness

Smart phones have numerous features and large display. In result, the smart phone is less portable than before due to its large size. In order to improve the portability of a smart phone, the thickness of the smart phone should be reduced. This is one of the important issues in today's smart phone hardware industry. The vibrating actuator is the thickest component in a smart phone. A thinner electric vibration actuator could make smart phones slimmer. Currently, a vertical linear vibrating actuator is used in smart phones, and it vibrates in the thickness direction of the phone. This imposes a restriction on the sliming of smart phones. Also, a vertical actuator has a thickness of approximately 3.0 to 3.6 mm. We develop a horizontal linear vibrating actuator that can be used to reduce the thickness of a smart phone. Mathematical vibration modeling is used to calculate the magnetic force, and a finite element analysis using the commercial electromagnetic analysis software MAXWELL is performed to determine the specifications of a permanent magnet and electromagnetic coil. The guide spring is designed by modal and harmonic response analysis using ANSYS. A horizontal linear vibrating actuator is designed, and a prototype is manufactured for use in experiments. Its thickness is reduced by 30 % compared to a vertical linear vibrating actuator. In addition, the actuator can vibrate with an acceleration of up to 2.10 Gravity (G), which represents an improvement of at least 40 % compared to a vertical linear vibrating actuator