Risperidone attenuates brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia in vivo

Since their introduction, atypical neuroleptic agents have been discovered to have some beneficial effects beyond their effectiveness as neuroleptic drugs. Among these initially unexpected effects are their potential effects as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder and their efficacy in improving long-term outcome in schizophrenia. These effects recently raised the question whether these drugs may also have some neuroprotective effect in the brain. To examine this matter, in this study we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of risperidone after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Anaesthetized male C57BL/6j mice were submitted to permanent thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Risperidone (0.1, 1 or 10 mg/kg) or vehicle was applied intraperitoneally just after permanent ischemia. Twenty-four hours after permanent ischemia, brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium, chloride staining (TTC). Risperidone (0.1, 1 and 10 mg/kg) showed significant neuroprotection after permanent focal cerebral ischemia

Olanzapine attenuates brain damage after focal cerebral ischemia in vivo

Atypical antipsychotic drugs are widely used in the treatment of schizophrenia. These agents are discovered to have some additional beneficial effects beyond their effectiveness as antipsychotic drugs. Among these initially unexpected effects are their potential effects as mood stabilizers in bipolar disorder and their efficacy in improving long-term outcome in schizophrenia. These effects recently raised the question whether these drugs may also have some neuroprotective effect in the brain. To examine this matter, in this study we evaluated the neuroprotective effect of olanzapine after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. Anaesthetized male C57BL/6j mice were submitted to permanent thread occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Olanzapine (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) or vehicle was applied intraperitoneally just after permanent ischemia. Twenty-four hours after permanent ischemia, brain injury was evaluated by triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining (TTC). Olanzapine (0.1 and 1 mg/kg) showed significant neuroprotection after permanent focal cerebral ischemia. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved

Evaluation of the vestibular system with video head impulse test in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum

Ozgu-Erdinc, A. Seval/0000-0002-6132-5779WOS:000561045200001PubMed: 32820578Aim We aimed to evaluate the semicircular canal functions of the vestibular system in pregnant women with hyperemesis gravidarum. Methods This is a prospective case-control study. Among pregnant women in their first trimester (<14. gestational weeks) who presented to our outpatient clinic, 36 patients diagnosed with hyperemesis gravidarum defined as persistent nausea and vomiting requiring intravenous hydration or loss of at least 5% of prepregnancy weight and 34 healthy pregnant without nausea and vomiting were included. Otorhinolaryngologic examination and video head impulse test (vHIT) was performed to all patients. Vestibular-ocular reflex (VOR) gain and gain asymmetry were assessed between groups. Results The VOR gains in each semicircular canal did not differ between hyperemesis and control groups. Using a VOR gain cut-off value of 0.8, the groups were compared in terms of the frequency of low values. In the hyperemesis group, abnormally low gain values of left anterior canal were more frequently observed than in the control group (32 [88.9%], 22 [64.7%], respectively,P= 0.01). In left anterior-right posterior (LARP) plane VOR gain asymmetry was higher in hyperemesis group (13.5 [1.0-71.0], 6.0 [0.0-35.0],P= 0.001). No significant gain asymmetry was detected between the groups in the other planes. Conclusion Semicircular canal functions were not abnormal globally in women with hyperemesis gravidarum. However, higher LARP plane asymmetry and low LA gain in women with hyperemesis suggests need for further research to clarify functional role of vestibular system on hyperemesis gravidarum

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to various antibiotics and can cause serious nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. In this clinical study, we investigated the risk factors in patients who were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Methods. A retrospective case control study including patients with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Patients who were resistant to any of the six antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime) constituted the study group. Results. One hundred and twenty isolates were isolated. Various risk factors were detected for each antibiotic in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, previous cefazolin use was found as an independent risk factor for the development of imipenem resistance (OR = 3.33; CI 95% [1.11–10.0]; p = 0.03), whereas previous cerebrovascular attack (OR = 3.57; CI 95% [1.31–9.76]; p = 0.01) and previous meropenem use (OR = 4.13; CI 95% [1.21–14.07]; p = 0.02) were independent factors for the development of meropenem resistance. For the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, hospitalization in the neurology intensive care unit (OR = 4.24; CI 95% [1.5–11.98]; p = 0.006) and mechanical ventilator application (OR = 11.7; CI 95% [2.24–61.45]; p = 0.004) were independent risk factors. Conclusion. The meticulous application of contact measures can decrease the rate of nosocomial infections

Evaluation of Risk Factors for Antibiotic Resistance in Patients with Nosocomial Infections Caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Background. Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is resistant to various antibiotics and can cause serious nosocomial infections with high morbidity and mortality. In this clinical study, we investigated the risk factors in patients who were diagnosed with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Methods. A retrospective case control study including patients with P. aeruginosa-related nosocomial infection. Patients who were resistant to any of the six antibiotics (imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin-tazobactam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, and ceftazidime) constituted the study group. Results. One hundred and twenty isolates were isolated. Various risk factors were detected for each antibiotic in the univariate analysis. In the multivariate analysis, previous cefazolin use was found as an independent risk factor for the development of imipenem resistance (OR = 3.33; CI 95% [1.11-10.0]; = 0.03), whereas previous cerebrovascular attack (OR = 3.57; CI 95% [1.31-9.76]; = 0.01) and previous meropenem use (OR = 4.13; CI 95% [1.21-14.07]; = 0.02) were independent factors for the development of meropenem resistance. For the development of resistance to ciprofloxacin, hospitalization in the neurology intensive care unit (OR = 4.24; CI 95% [1.5-11.98]; = 0.006) and mechanical ventilator application (OR = 11.7;]; = 0.004) were independent risk factors. Conclusion. The meticulous application of contact measures can decrease the rate of nosocomial infections

Determination of the effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and ovarian stromal stem cells on follicular maturation in cyclophosphamide induced ovarian failure in rats

Objective: Chemotherapy causes depletion of primordial follicles that leads to premature ovarian failure in female cancer survivals. We investigated the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal (BMMSCs) and ovarian stromal stem cells (OSSCs) on follicle maturation in chemotherapy induced ovarian failure. Material and methods: Thirty six Wistar Albino female rats were divided into three groups. Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg was intraperitoneally (IP) given to the rats in all groups two times. 4 × 106 BMMSCs (IP) was injected to the group-2 and 4 × 106 OSSCs (IP) was injected to the group-3. Serum Anti-Müllerian Hormone (AMH) levels was determined with ELISA and primordial follicles were counted for investigation of primordial follicle reserve. The ovarian structure were evaluated histomorphologically. Localization of BrdU labeled stem cells, the expression of the cell cycle regulator p34Cdc2, gap junction protein p-connexin43 and intraovarian regulators of folliculogenesis Bone Morphogenic Protein 6 and 15 (BMP-6 and BMP-15) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The immunstaining of BMP-6 was higher in oocytes of group-3 more than group-1 and group-2. The immunpositivity of p34cdc2 and BMP-15 were also higher in follicular cells of group-3 than the other groups. The presence of p-connexin43 in group-3 was determined more than group-1 and group-2. The ovarian follicles with normal histological structure were observed just in group-3. Although, The AMH levels were decreased in rats from all groups at the end of experimental procedure the primordial follicle counts in group-3 was significantly higher than group-1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OSSCs have more protective effect on follicle maturation than BMMSCs in cyclophosphamide induced ovarian damage. Keywords: Cyclophosphamide, Ovary, Ovarian follicle, Stem cell

Determination of the effects of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells and ovarian stromal stem cells on follicular maturation in cyclophosphamide induced ovarian failure in rats

Objective: Chemotherapy causes depletion of primordial follicles that leads to premature ovarian failure in female cancer survivals. We investigated the effect of bone marrow derived mesenchymal (BMMSCs) and ovarian stromal stem cells (OSSCs) on follicle maturation in chemotherapy induced ovarian failure. Material and methods: Thirty six Wistar Albino female rats were divided into three groups. Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 200 mg/kg was intraperitoneally (IP) given to the rats in all groups two times. 4 x 10(6) BMMSCs (IP) was injected to the group-2 and 4 x 10(6) OSSCs (IP) was injected to the group-3. Serum Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) levels was determined with ELISA and primordial follicles were counted for investigation of primordial follicle reserve. The ovarian structure were evaluated histomorphologically. Localization of BrdU labeled stem cells, the expression of the cell cycle regulator p34Cdc2, gap junction protein p-connexin43 and intraovarian regulators of folliculogenesis Bone Morphogenic Protein 6 and 15 (BMP-6 and BMP-15) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. Results: The immunstaining of BMP-6 was higher in oocytes of group-3 more than group-1 and group-2. The immunpositivity of p34cdc2 and BMP-15 were also higher in follicular cells of group-3 than the other groups. The presence of p-connexin43 in group-3 was determined more than group-1 and group-2. The ovarian follicles with normal histological structure were observed just in group-3. Although, The AMH levels were decreased in rats from all groups at the end of experimental procedure the primordial follicle counts in group-3 was significantly higher than group-1. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that OSSCs have more protective effect on follicle maturation than BMMSCs in cyclophosphamide induced ovarian damage. (C) 2018 Taiwan Association of Obstetrics \& Gynecology. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V