The impact of sleep on ambulatory blood pressure of female caregivers providing home care in Japan: An observational study

金沢大学医薬保健研究域保健学系Background: Elderly family caregivers are presumed to be susceptible to having various health problems. However, biomedical indicators of health in these caregivers are rarely examined. Objective: To examine the effect of sleep quality, measured by hours of sleep and the number of times leaving bed, on various blood pressure parameters in elderly caregivers. Design: Observational study. Setting: Northern Japan. Participants: Seventy-eight female family caregivers. Methods: Ambulatory blood pressure was monitored at 30-60-min intervals for a 24-h period. An actigraph was used to determine sleep/wake status. Face-to-face interviews were conducted to obtain home care and demographic information, and self-administered questionnaires were used to collect information on activities in a 24-h period. Results: The mean age of the caregivers was 62.5 ± 9.6 years, and the mean hours of sleep were 7.3. Out of 78 caregivers, 19 were on antihypertensive medication. Of the remaining 59, this study found 45.8% to be hypertensive, with the mean maximum systolic pressure exceeding 180 mmHg. The hours of sleep at night and for the 24-h period were inversely associated with the mean systolic blood pressure. The majority of caregivers on antihypertensive medication also had high blood pressure. Conclusions: This study suggests the importance of 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring for elderly caregivers, so as to screen for hypertension as well as to monitor the effectiveness of antihypertensive medication. © 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.This article has not been published yet

ベトナムにおけるダイオキシン類環境汚染30年後の生体影響に関する疫学的研究

2002年より2004年までの3年間に、ベトナム中部の枯葉剤撒布地Quang Tri省Cam Chinh村と対照地区Ha Tinh省Cam Phuc村の住民調査を計4回実施した。血液、母乳、皮下脂肪を生体試料として採取し、凍結保存して日本国内に搬送した。各試料中のダイオキシン類とその異性体の濃度を高感度質量分析計にてTEQ換算で測定した。その結果、いずれの試料においても、汚染地区住民のダイオキシン類濃度が統計学的に有意な高値を示した。但し、異性体比率では最も毒性が強い2,3,7,8-TCDDの占有率は20%以下で、むしろ5,6塩化の比率が高く、この結果は従来の報告と異なる。血清生化学検査では、甲状腺や月刊蔵の機能検査で両群間に系統的な差は見られなかった。血清コリンエステラーゼ値が母乳中のダイオキシン類濃度と負の相関を示した。児の身体計測値も両群間に有意差は見られなかったが、児の胸囲と母乳中のダイオキシン類濃度との問には負の相関がみられた。両指標は重回帰分析の結果でも、母親や児の年齢(月齢)を考慮に入れても、母乳中のダイオキシン類濃度と有意な関連性を示した。To examine dioxins levels in human specimen including breast milk, adipose tissue and serum and their relation with human adverse health effects over 30 years after sprayed dioxins polluted Vietnamese environment, Vietnamese inhabitants of two villages in central part of Vietnam were selected in four examinations between 2002 and 2004. Dioxin-exposed area is located in Cam Chinh commune in Quang Tri province where herbicides were sprayed (abbreviate Quang Tri to QT), while Cam Phuc commune in Ha Tinh province (abbreviate Ha Tinh to HT) is selected as control area where herbicides were not sprayed during the War. These two communes were separated by the demilitarized zone of latitude 17 degrees north line that was a military boundary in Vietnam War.Quantitation was performed by a high resolution mass spectrometer (HRMS ; JEOL MStation-JMS700) equipped with a gas chromatograph (HP-6980).Dioxin levels of human samples including breast milk, adipose tissue and serum in people in herbicide-exposed area in Vietnam is significantly higher than those in people in dioxin-unexposed control area. However, TCDD contributed less than 20% of the total I-TEQ in most samples. These results were different from the former reports that TCDD was a useful indicator for toxicity of Agent Orange since TCDD occupied most of dioxins. It is necessary to investigate the origin of 1,2,3,7,8-PCDD and 2,3,4,7,8-PCDF which were the most contributor in the total TEQ in this study.Biochemical indicators in sera such as liver or thyroid functions were not significantly different between two groups. Significant negative correlations were showed between Total PCDD/Fs and cholinesterase of mothers. Dioxin concentration in breast milk has significant association with chest measurement of infants after adjustment of age of infants although our results did not show difference between the growths of infants in two areas.研究課題/領域番号:14406011, 研究期間(年度):2002-2004出典：「ベトナムにおけるダイオキシン類環境汚染30年後の生体影響に関する疫学的研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号14406011 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)　　　本文データは著者版報告書より作

ベトナムにおけるダイオキシン類の異性体比率に基づく環境汚染源の探索に関する研究

本研究の目的は、土壌・水底等の環境試料、人の血清や母乳等の生体試料をベトナムの枯葉剤撒布地区並びに非撒布地区より採取し、ダイオキシン類の各異性体の比率や相互の関連性を明らかにすることより、ダイオキシン類の環境汚染源を解明することである。調査は2005年より3年間、毎年8月にベトナムの枯葉剤撒布地区に選定したクワンチ省カムチン村と非撒布地区として選定したハチン省カムフック村で実施した。環境試料は、ベトナム土壌27試料(撒布地区20、非撒布地区7)を採取し、生体試料としては、母乳156試料(撒布地区84、非撒布地区72)と血液284試料(撒布地区144、非撒布地区140)を採取し、血清は混合して分析した。分析の結果、枯葉剤撒布地区の土壌中ダイオキシン類濃度は非撒布地区より有意に高値を示した。次に、同族体中に占める異性体を見ると、2,3,7,8-TCDDが撒布地区で有意に高かった。生体試料中のダイオキシン類の分析結果では、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD、1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF、1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF、1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDFの異性体が撒布地区で有意に高く、PCDDsよりもPCDFsで両地区間の異性体の相違が顕著であり、上記の5つの異性体が撒布地区に特徴的であることを明らかにした。以上の結果より、土壌試料で2,3,7,8-TCDDは撒布地区の方が有意に高く、また、撒布地区の異性体パターンには特異性があり、枯葉剤による影響が考えられる。The purpose of this study was to clarify the source of environmental pollution by dioxins in Vietnam based on the ratio of dioxin-isomers. Since 2005, the researches were conducted every year for 3 years at herbicide sprayed Cam Chinh commune in Quang Tri province and non-sprayed Cam Phuc commune, Ha Tinh province in Vietnam respectively. As environmental material,27 soils (20 in the sprayed area and 7 in the non-sprayed area) were collected. As human material, 156 breast milk (84 in the sprayed area and 72 in the non-sprayed area) and pooled serum collected from 284 sera (144 in the sprayed area and 140 in the non-sprayed area) were analyzed. As results, dioxin concentration in soil was significantly higher in the sprayed area and in the non-sprayed area. Among isomers, 2,3,7,8-TCDD was also significantly higher in the spared area. In human samples, our result showed that isomers were significantly superior in the sprayed area concentrated on PCDFs rather than PCDDs. Isomers such as 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDD, 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDF, 1,2,3,4,6,7,8HpCDF and 1,2,3,4,7,8,9-HpCDF were not always similar to those in the non-sprayed area. They were prominent isomers in the sprayed area. Our studies clearly showed that these five isomers were characteristic isomers in the sprayed area which determine a quality or a feature of exposure to dioxin. In conclusion, we revealed areal differences of concentration levels of 2,3,7,8-substituted isomers in human specimen and suggested level differences of the isomers were attributed to a quality or a feature of exposure sources in the area.研究課題/領域番号:17406016, 研究期間(年度):2005-2007出典：「ベトナムにおけるダイオキシン類の異性体比率に基づく環境汚染源の探索に関する研究」研究成果報告書　課題番号17406016 (KAKEN：科学研究費助成事業データベース（国立情報学研究所）)　　　本文データは著者版報告書より作

Worldwide Trends of Dioxin Levels in Human Breast Milk With Comparison between Toyama Prefecture in Japan and Other Areas

金沢大学大学院自然科学研究科金沢医科大学金沢大学大学院医学系研究科Scedule:17-18 March 2003, Vemue: Kanazawa, Japan, Kanazawa Citymonde Hotel, Project Leader : Hayakawa, Kazuichi, Symposium Secretariat: XO kamata, Naoto, Edited by:Kamata, Naoto