The impact of climate change on Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in bivalves

Omega-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 lc-PUFA) have many health benefits to human. increasing evidence have shown that climate change reduces the availability of plankton n-3 lc-PUFA to primary consumers which potentially reduces the availability of n-3 lc-PUFA to human. Since marine bivalves are an important source of n-3 lc-PUFA for human beings, and bivalve aquaculture completely depends on phytoplankton in ambient water as food, it is important to understand the impact of climate change on the lipid nutritional quality of bivalves. in this study, fatty acid profile of different bivalves (mussels, oysters, clams, scallops and cockles) from different regions (tropical, subtropical and temperate) and time (before 1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015, 2016–2020) were extracted from published literature to calculate various lipid nutritional quality indicators. the results of this study revealed that the effects of global warming and declines in aragonite saturation state on the lipid content and lipid indices of bivalves are highly dependent on the geographical region and bivalves. in general, global warming has the largest negative impact on the lipid content and indices of temperate bivalves, including decreasing the PUFA/SFA, ePA + DHA and n-3/n-6. However, global warming has a much smaller negative impact on lipid content and lipid indices in other regions. the declines of aragonite saturation state in seawater promotes the accumulation of lipid content in tropical and subtropical bivalves, but it compromised the PUFA/SFA, ePA + DHA and n-3/n-6 of bivalves in all regions. the findings of this study not only fill the knowledge gap of the impact of climate change on the lipid nutritional quality of bivalves, but also provide guidance for the establishment of bivalve aquaculture and fisheries management plans to mitigate the impact of climate change

The Molecular Characterization of the Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3) ORF24 Protein and its effect on the expression of immune genes (in vitro)

Cyprinid herpesvirus 3 (CyHV-3), known as koi herpesvirus (KHV), is highly contagious and lethal. In this study, we aimed to characterize the ORF24-encoding protein of CyHV-3, investigate its sub-cellular localization, and determine its impact on the expression of immune factors through in vitro experiments. The results showed that the CyHV-3 ORF24 protein comprises 579 amino acids. Interestingly, multiple comparisons with homologous proteins from three carp herpesvirus origins showed no significant similarity. The fluorescence localization experiment showed that the green fluorescence signal, representing the protein pEGFP-ORF24, was primarily diffused in the cytoplasm. Notably, the overexpression of ORF24 effectively suppressed the expression of immune factors in both CCO (Channel catfish ovary) and FHM (Fathead minnow muscle cell line) cells. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that the CyHV-3 ORF24 gene exhibited significant differences from the corresponding genes in the other two carp herpesviruses. This suggests its unique functional role in the evolutionary context. Moreover, our findings demonstrated that overexpression of CyHV-3 ORF24 can effectively inhibit the expression of immune factors, underscoring its crucial role as a viral immune escape factor. These results provide further insights into the immune function of the CyHV-3 ORF24 protein and offer a theoretical foundation for developing new vaccines against CyHV-3 virus infections

Iso-seq and RNA-seq profiling of Fenneropenaeus penicillatus: Unravelling the signaling pathway and genes involved in the ovarian development

The impediment of inadequate shrimp gonad development has adversely affected their production in the aquaculture sector. One promising strategy to enhance the quality and timing of offspring for commercial purposes is the regulation of their reproductive activity. Nevertheless, the availability of information pertaining to ovarian development in Fenneropenaeus penicillatus remains limited. To address this knowledge gap, our study employed a multi-faceted approach, integrating cutting-edge technologies such as Iso-seq, RNA-seq, RT-qPCR, histological and morphological observations. The Iso-seq generating 81,964,598 subreads with an average length of 1600 bp. This effort yielded 926,713 CCS reads and 557,043 FLNC reads, culminating in a robust set of 16,587 non-redundant full-length transcripts. This study utilized CPC, CPAT, PLEK, and pfam, to predict the numbers of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). The outcomes were as follows: 5204, 4478, 7055, and 8175 lncRNAs, respectively. Our findings unveiled the intricate molecular underpinnings of ovarian development, encompassing pivotal pathways such as oocyte meiosis, insulin signaling pathway, oxytocin signaling pathway, progesterone-mediated oocyte maturation, estrogen signaling pathway, and GnRH signaling pathway. Notably, we identified specific genes—including Vtg, VgR, Sxl4, UCH, Hsp70, PP1, CDK2, Rheb, MKK3, and CDC42—that exhibited dynamic expression patterns during ovarian development. This study has produced a comprehensive dataset of full-length transcripts that holds significant potential as a genomic reference for future research on F. penicillatus. Furthermore, these insights may substantially contribute to the advancement of artificial breeding techniques and the ongoing development of sustainable aquaculture practices for F. penicillatus