The Prediction of Family Functions in Women with Premenstrual Syndrome based on Anger and Fatigue

Premenstrual syndrome is one of the commonest disorders among women with premenstrual period. The aim of the present study was to determine the relationship of anger and fatigue with family functions among women with premenstrual syndrome. The research sample consisted of 120 women who were selected among women with premenstrual syndrome in Ardabil, Iran. To collect the data, State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory-2, Fatigue Scale, Family Assessment Scale, and Daily Symptom Rating Form were used. The results showed that anger and fatigue are significantly related to family functions in women. The results of multiple regression showed that anger and fatigue explained 42 percent of variance family functions of women. Also results support the role of anger and fatigue on family functions. The results have important implications about prevention and counseling in women with premenstrual syndrome. The findings indicate that clinicians should use psychological trainings to cope with the consequences and symptoms of premenstrual syndrome

Evaluating the bio-removal of crude oil by vetiver grass (<i>Vetiveria zizanioides</i> L.) in interaction with bacterial consortium exposed to contaminated artificial soils

Remediation of crude oil-impacted areas is a major pervasive concern in various environmental conditions. The major aim of this study was to investigate the collaboration of vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides L.) and petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to clean up contaminated soils. Vetiver grass and five native bacterial isolates were used in one consortium to remediate contaminated soil by crude oil at various concentrations (2.0, 4.0, 6.0 8.0, 10, and 12.0% woil/wsoil). The presence of isolated bacteria caused a significant (p < 0.05) increment of root-shoot ratio of vetiver in contaminated soils in comparison to non-contaminated soil. The combination of vetiver and bacterial consortium revealed efficient dissipation of more than 30% of low-molecular-weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and more than 50% of high-molecular-weight PAHs in all crude oil concentrations. The removal of n-alkanes in the simultaneous presence of the bacteria and plant was more than 70.0% at 10.0% of oil concentration, whereas the removals in control were 20.7, 13.7 and 9.2%, respectively. The hydrocarbons dissipation efficiency of applied treatments decreased at 12.0% of contamination. It is concluded that a combination of vetiver grass and the isolated bacteria could be a feasible strategy for remediation of crude oil-polluted soils