Living Between The Lines: The Multiracial Identity, How it is Shaped, Perceived, and Embodied on College Campuses

This research project aims to investigate the feelings of acceptance experienced by multiracial individuals on predominantly white institution (PWI) campuses. The study explores various factors that may influence these feelings, including participation in organizations, relationships with friends and family, and experiences of discrimination on campus. Surveys will be used to collect data on participants\u27 progress toward graduation, gender, classification, racial/ethnic background, first-generation status, participation in student and racial/ethnic organizations, experiences of discrimination, and feelings of acceptance on campus due to positive peer relationships. The multiracial identity is increasingly relevant in the United States, yet the experiences of multiracial individuals at PWIs have not been extensively studied, particularly regarding feelings of acceptance. The lack of understanding of the multiracial experience makes it challenging to address their unique needs and challenges. Early experiences with social perceptions of race can affect how multiracial individuals identify and express their identities. Understanding these experiences is crucial, as they can impact graduation rates and overall feelings of acceptance. Without addressing these issues, multiracial individuals may struggle to express their true selves and reach their full potential. This study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the multiracial identity and its impact on college campus experiences, with broader implications for societal understanding and acceptance of multiracial individuals

Agricultural ministry as diakonia

This study examines to what extent has the Methodist Church in Kenya bio intensive training Centre empowers farmers in Meru- Kenya. The study starts with laying the contextual background of the Methodist Church in Kenya (MCK) bio intensive training Centre. The Centre is operated in terms of units referred to as departments. These departments are ; fish and fish training, livestock ,biogas gas training and kitchen garden, nurseries and green houses, catering and accommodation, natural resources, flowers and fences .The units target to help farmers both in church and other interested groups in Meru County including researchers and students. On the same note Kenya and agriculture is presented since Kenya’s main economic resource is agriculture. The Methodist Church in Kenya background and her structure is shown. Moreover the background of the MCK bio intensive training Centre, her history and her activities are well explained

What controls glycolysis in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei?

On the basis of the experimentally determined kinetic properties of the trypanosomal enzymes, the question is addressed of which step limits the glycolytic flux in bloodstream form Trypanosoma brucei. There appeared to be no single answer; in the physiological range, control shifted between the glucose transporter on the one hand and aldolase (ALD), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK), and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GDH) on the other hand. The other kinases, which are often thought to control glycolysis, exerted little control; so did the utilization of ATP. We identified potential targets for anti-trypanosomal drugs by calculating which steps need the least inhibition to achieve a certain inhibition of the glycolytic flux in these parasites. The glucose transporter appeared to be the most promising target, followed by ALD, GDH, GAPDH, and PGK. By contrast, in erythrocytes more than 95% deficiencies of PGK, GAPDH, or ALD did not cause any clinical symptoms (Schuster, R. and Holzhütter, H.-G. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 229, 403-418). Therefore, the selectivity of drugs inhibiting these enzymes may be much higher than expected from their molecular effects alone. Quite unexpectedly, trypanosomes seem to possess a substantial overcapacity of hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, and pyruvate kinase, making these "irreversible" enzymes mediocre drug targets

Environmental conservation and restoration : an assessement of the impact of bio-intensive agriculture in enhancing capacity of small holders farmers in Meru, Kenya to improve food security

Bio- Intensive Agriculture (BIA) is a type of organic agriculture which aims at obtaining highest yields from small pieces of land and ensures increased biodiversity. For BIA to achieve its objectives, that is maintaining soil fertility, through a closed loop system type of agriculture. This study was conducted among small holder farmers in Meru, Kenya and examines how the introduction of Bio-Intensive Agriculture improves food security and capacity of small holder farmers in Meru, Kenya; while conserving and restoring the environment. I used qualitative research approach for the study because I wanted to get detailed and concentrated verbal explanations from individual small holder farmers. I obtained this through well-structured questionnaires requiring their opinions, ideas, and views as well as experiences regarding Bio-Intensive Agriculture. I have used capacity enhancement and her determinants as the theory for this research. The determinants are an enabling environment at the organizational and the individual level. I have synchronized these determinants of capacity enhancement with the activities and practice those small holder farmers in Meru, are doing to improve food security while conserving and restoring the environment to form the discussion chapter. The small holder farmers in this study are involved in: Deep soil preparation, composting, intensive planting, companion planting, open pollination breeding and are doing intensive mixed farming. Moreover, they are involved in conservation and restoration of the environment. This study has found out that BIA has enhanced the capacity of small holder farmers by helping them improve food security, increase income, obtain skills and knowledge as they conserve and restore the environment.M-IE

Rape: How is church challenged by the rising issues of rape in Kenya

Rape is a global challenge that confronts women in all context and from all race. There has been an increase in rape cases and rape prevalence in Kenya, especially in major urban centres. This research was influenced and inspired by the increased cases of rape in Kenya, especially Nairobi. It was hereby where as a researcher I wanted to explore how church is challenged by the rising issues of rape in Kenya. The research has shown that certain behaviours, and certain situational factors are contributing to the increased rape cases. This shows that the factors are known, however no serious attention has been taken in reducing vulnerability. It is hereby where the research questioned the place of the church in the society in relation to rape cases. The research discovered that the church is limited in addressing rape cases and rape issues since it is a victim and theologically a perpetrator in subjugation of women. Based on the research, the author offered some suggestions, regarded as the way forward. These should be the programs in rape prevention, risk reductions interventions, addressing negative stigmatization towards women which might be socially or culturally engineered, empowering women and through other ways which can effectively reduce rape and its negative consequences within the context

The Role of Women Goups in The Methodist Church in Kenya :The Complexity of Fighting Against Poverty

This study seeks to explore the role women groups in the Methodist church in Kenya are playing to fight poverty. To realize the aimed goal of exploring what role women are playing in the Methodist church to fight against poverty, the questions guiding the study were (a) what are women’s experiences as far as poverty is concerned and how do they conceptualize it? (b)What activities are carried out by the women groups and ways are the women in the Methodist churches under study doing to fight poverty? (c)To what extent does the Methodist church the umbrella of the women group organizations; support the women in their fight against poverty? The study used qualitative inquiry employing a multiple case study approach. The tools used for collecting data were semi-structured interviews, observations and a field notebook. Key findings from the study indicate that: The women had suffered the effects of poverty such as inability to meet basic needs: food, decent shelter, clothes, inability to cater for maternity cost, illiteracy and lacked income; Landlessness; Single parenthood; violence against women and could not access funding from regular lending agencies. The women in the Methodist churches in the study have formed self-help groups and are carrying out projects to generate income. They are planting trees to control environmental degradation. They are learning family planning and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. They are also being educated on; human rights, curbing child labor and school-drop outs, female genital mutilation (FGM), better methods of agriculture, such as poultry rearing, production of bio-gas, making of improved Jikos (Jikos is a Kiswahili name for stoves), learning general hygiene, cookery, weaving, basketry and knitting. They sing inspiring and educative songs, dance for entertainment and dramatize bible verses as a way of expressing their ideas, feelings and opinions. All these are done in the name of fighting against poverty. This makes the style of fighting poverty employed by the women groups look complex. The focus of the thesis is the complexity of their experiences and conceptions of poverty on one hand and the activities they take part in to fight poverty on the other. Hence the title of the study is: The role of women groups in the Methodist Church in Kenya: The Complexity of Fighting Against poverty. The church is supporting women under study to fight against poverty by offering pastoral care. It offers moral support to the women as they carry out the projects. The other members in the Methodist church in study help the women to contribute when they hold Harambee. A Kiswahili word used to mean joining hands to make any challenging task easy

The Role of Women Goups in The Methodist Church in Kenya :The Complexity of Fighting Against Poverty

This study seeks to explore the role women groups in the Methodist church in Kenya are playing to fight poverty. To realize the aimed goal of exploring what role women are playing in the Methodist church to fight against poverty, the questions guiding the study were (a) what are women’s experiences as far as poverty is concerned and how do they conceptualize it? (b)What activities are carried out by the women groups and ways are the women in the Methodist churches under study doing to fight poverty? (c)To what extent does the Methodist church the umbrella of the women group organizations; support the women in their fight against poverty? The study used qualitative inquiry employing a multiple case study approach. The tools used for collecting data were semi-structured interviews, observations and a field notebook. Key findings from the study indicate that: The women had suffered the effects of poverty such as inability to meet basic needs: food, decent shelter, clothes, inability to cater for maternity cost, illiteracy and lacked income; Landlessness; Single parenthood; violence against women and could not access funding from regular lending agencies. The women in the Methodist churches in the study have formed self-help groups and are carrying out projects to generate income. They are planting trees to control environmental degradation. They are learning family planning and prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS. They are also being educated on; human rights, curbing child labor and school-drop outs, female genital mutilation (FGM), better methods of agriculture, such as poultry rearing, production of bio-gas, making of improved Jikos (Jikos is a Kiswahili name for stoves), learning general hygiene, cookery, weaving, basketry and knitting. They sing inspiring and educative songs, dance for entertainment and dramatize bible verses as a way of expressing their ideas, feelings and opinions. All these are done in the name of fighting against poverty. This makes the style of fighting poverty employed by the women groups look complex. The focus of the thesis is the complexity of their experiences and conceptions of poverty on one hand and the activities they take part in to fight poverty on the other. Hence the title of the study is: The role of women groups in the Methodist Church in Kenya: The Complexity of Fighting Against poverty. The church is supporting women under study to fight against poverty by offering pastoral care. It offers moral support to the women as they carry out the projects. The other members in the Methodist church in study help the women to contribute when they hold Harambee. A Kiswahili word used to mean joining hands to make any challenging task easy

Inhibition of the hexokinase/hexose transporter region in the glycosomal membrane of bloodstream Trypanosoma brucei by oligomycin and digitonin

329-332Glycolysis in bloodstream T. brucei is the sole source of energy and remains a favourable chemotherapeutic target. In furtherance of this, an attempt has been made to understand better the contribution of glucose, fructose, mannose and glycerol to the energy charge of these parasites incubated in the presence of oligomycin, salicyhydroxamic acid (SHAM) and digitonin. Their cellular energy charge, when catabolizing glucose was 0.860, and under inhibition by oligomycin (10 μg), SHAM (2 mM) or oligomycin plus SHAM, 0.800, 0.444 and 0.405, respectively. Oligomycin inhibited the rate of catabolism of glucose, mannose and fructose up to 80%. The inhibition could not be alleviated by uncouplers, such as 2,4-dinitrophenol or permeabilization of the membranes by digitonin. Glucose-6-phosphate and other phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates, such as fructose-6-phosphate were catabolized by the permeabilized parasites in the presence of oligomycin, implying that except hexokinase, all the other glycolytic enzymes were active. Glucose oxidation was stimulated by low concentrations of digitonin (up to 4 μg), but at higher concentrations, it was significantly inhibited (up to 90% inhibition at 10 μg). Apparently, the inhibitory effects of oligomycin and digitonin were confined to glucose uptake and hexokinase catalysis. The above observations suggest that the hexose transporter and the enzyme hexokinase might be functionally-linked in the glycosomal membrane and oligomycin inhibits the linkage, by using a mechanism not linked to the energy charge of the cell. Digitonin at concentrations higher than 4 μg disrupted the membrane, rendering the complex in-operative. A hexokinase/hexose transporter complex in the glycosomal membrane is envisaged

Enzymes of Glucose and Glycerol Catabolism in in vitro - propagated Theileria parva Schizonts

Theileria parva schizonts propagated in vitro in peripheral blood lymphocytes were purified and assayed for key enzymes of glucose and glycerol catabolism and the citric acid cycle. The activities of glycolytic enzymes were in the range of 21-100 nmol/min/mg protein. Glycerol kinase and ? -glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activities were more than 16 times lower than the activities of other enzymes catalysing the oxidation of the triose phosphates to lactate. It was suggested that the catabolism of glycerol is negligible and that glucose is catabolized to lactate via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway. The activities of the enzymes catalysing the section of the citric acid cycle that involves the formation of citrate to succinyl-CoA were consistently very low (less than 2.0 nmol/min/mg protein), indicating that this part of the cycle plays a minor role in this parasite. Enzyme activities of the cycle catalysing the formation of succinate from oxaloacetate were relatively higher than those catalysing other sections of the citric acid cycle, suggesting that this section of the cycle could be important to the parasite. Pyruvate carboxylase activity was more than 10 times that of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase. It was suggested that pyruvate could be carboxylated to oxaloacetate. Taken together, these results suggest that the catabolism of glucose in Theileria parva schizonts is mainly via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and that the citric acid cycle plays a minor role in energy production