Informational business activity: Features of pricing and transformations of a network effect

This paper is devoted to an analysis of the information which has become one of the leading economic resources defining the logic of macroeconomic dynamics and competitiveness of the national economy. The features of pricing in the market of information products, and network market transformation mechanism under the influence of digitalization, the problems and the negative consequences of the information economy, the need for a new understanding of the industry dynamics in the network sector, and the network effects which has a positive feedback are presented. Upon a high level of development of modern information technologies a consumer is able to make a choice between traditional and non-traditional ways of providing information. With the variety of types of information that is predetermined by a wide range of consumers of information products and services representing a consumer and industrial demand, the bulk of a company's information products is consumed today by enterprises, not by individual users. Each producer solves a number of issues in the process of formation of prices for information products and services taking into account solvency of consumers, the market structure of the product and so on often relying on the uniqueness of these products and services (for example, an advantage on the database market in determining the level price, of course, belongs to those are unique). Value of qualitatively different information products (associated with such properties as relevance, usefulness, completeness, timeliness, accessibility, submission form, reliability, and so on) determines extensive use of all available means for achieving flexible prices (negotiated prices, margins for the novelty, markdowns, discounts, price concessions, and others.)

Reaction of α-Vinylallenylphosphonates with Diazoalkanes

Diazomethane reacts with 3-methyl-1-vinyl-1,2-butadienylphosphonates following the scheme of [3 + 2]-cycloaddition at the 1,2-double bond of the allenic fragment. The reaction with diphenyldiazomethane involves the vinyl fragment and yields substituted diphenylcyclopropane

Effects of substituents in reactions of sulfenyl chlorides with derivatives of phosphonallenic acids

In the reaction of sulfenyl chlorides with derivatives of allenylphosphonic acid, the structure of the products formed is determined by the effect of substituents at the P atom and the terminal C atom of the cumulene, and also by the nature of the organyl group attached to the S atom in sulfenyl chloride. © 1984 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Dipole moments of organophosphorus compounds. 15. Polarities and polarizabilities of some acetylenic compounds

1. Effective P-Csp bond dipole moments have been calculated for the oxides of diethyl and diphenylpropynylphosphines, and for the dichloroanhydride of propynylphosphonic acid. 2. The form with gauche orientation of the phosphoryl and ethoxy groups is preferred in the 0,0-diethyl ethynyl -and 0,0-diethyl propynylphosphonates. 3. The C-CH3 bonds of the ethyl and phosphoryl groups are in gauche orientation in diethylpropynylphosphine oxide. The structure of diphenylpropynylphosphine oxide is such that the phenyl radical planes are close to ethynyl group shielding. © 1978 Plenum Publishing Corporation

Competitive reactions method in electrochemistry. A new tool for investigating the anodic intermediates reactivity

Some application features of the competitive reactions method (C.R.M.) for anodically generated agents have been considered. Quantitative characteristics of the (RO)3P, (RO)2 POSiMe3, (EtO)2 PONa, and I2 electrochemically induced intermediates have been presented. It is discussed how to apply the obtained information for stating the nature of respective species. © 1989

Necessity of estimation methodology improvement concerning the activity of corporate structures with regional features

© International Economic Society. The article is devoted to an urgent problem of regional development - the development of the methodology concerning the effectiveness of corporate structure functioning evaluation, taking into account their regional features. The scientific hypothesis of the research consists in the assumption that the theory and the methodology of economic analysis concerning the activities of corporations must take into account the regional features of development, since they are the most important elements of a regional economic system. Therefore, in the economic analysis of corporation activities, regional factors and development conditions should receive a quantitative and qualitative assessment, which will serve as the basis for managerial decision acceptance. The article examines the role of large corporations in the provision of a region social and economic development; Institutional and organizational-economic conditions of corporation performance success in a region using the example of the Republic of Tatarstan; the principles of economic analysis. The shortcomings of existing methods of analysis concerning the functioning of corporate structures are distinguished from the point of view of the reliability and the completeness of their evaluation. The authors developed and proposed the mechanism of economic activity evaluation among regional corporate structures, which allows to obtain the reliable information while ensuring their economic security. The study was based on the principles of a systematic approach using a wide range of general scientific methods and techniques, namely: comparison methods; coefficients, factor analysis, expert assessments, balance method, horizontal and vertical analysis; the method of situational analysis; the graphical methods of data processing, etc

Photo- and X-ray induced cytotoxicity of CeF3-YF3-TbF3 Nanoparticle-Polyvinylpyrrolidone -"Radachlorin" composites for combined photodynamic therapy

The Ce0.5Y0.35Tb0.15F3 nanoparticles with a CeF3 hexagonal structure were synthesized using the co-precipitation technique. Сonjugated with Radachlorin using polyvinylpyrrolidone coating as well as without Radachlorin were detecte

The role of VNTR aggrecan gene polymorphism in the development of osteoarthritis in women

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common multifactorial joint disease. Undifferentiated connective tissue dysplasia (uCTD) is a genetically determined lesion of the connective tissue structures, including joints, and it can be one of the factors predisposing to development of OA. Solving the problem of comorbidity of OA and uCTD signs will contribute to the early diagnosis and prophylactics of OA. Aggrecan is one of the major structural components of cartilage and it provides the ability to resist compressive loads throughout life. We examined 316 women (mean age 50.5 ± 4.77) for signs of uCTD and OA. A study of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) VNTR polymorphism, which is represented by a variable number of 57 nucleotide repeats, was performed. We searched for associations between the VNTR locus and OA in general and with an account of the localization of the pathological process, as well as with the presence of uCTD signs. Twelve allelic variants and 24 genotypes of the VNTR polymorphism of the aggrecan gene (ACAN) were identified, the most frequent variants were alleles with 27, 28 and 26 repeats. A significance of allele *27 (х2 = 6.297, p = 0.012, odds ratio (OR) = 1.50; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.09-2.05) in the development of OA in general, knee OA (х2 = 4.613, p = 0.031, OR = 1.52; 95 % CI 1.04-2.23), and multiple OA (х2 = 4.181, p = 0.04, OR = 1.68; 95 % CI 1.02-2.78) was revealed. Homozygous genotype *27*27 was associated with OA (х2 = 3.921, р = 0.047, OR = 1.72; 95 % CI 1-2.96), and OA with uCTD signs in women (х2 = 5.415, p = 0.019, OR = 2.34; 95 % CI 1.13-4.83)