Changes of Testicular Histogenesis during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life in Bisphenol A Exposed Rats by Ascorbic Acid

Objectives: In this study we aimed to investigate the conservation of testicular histogenesis in bisphenol A exposed rats by ascorbic acid during prenatal and early postnatal life. Material and Methods: Eight weeks old 15 pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 5 rats. Pups were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Group A had 15 male rat pups, from 5 pregnant female rats, which were fed on standard diet during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Group B had 15 male rat pups from 5 pregnant female rats which were given 250μg/kg/day Bisphenol A subcutaneously during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Group C had 15 male rat pups from 5 pregnant female rats which were given 250μg/kg/day Bisphenol A subcutaneously and 150mg/kg/day ascorbic acid orally during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Results: There was significant deterioration of seminiferous tubule and basement membrane regularity with BPA along with detachment of germinal epithelium and cell debris in group B. These parameters were conserved significantly with ascorbic acid in group C. Conclusion: Biphenol A adversely affects histogenesis of testes by causing oxidative stress when given during pregnancy and lactation and ascorbic acid conserves BPA exposed developing testes and may preserve spermatogenesis and male fertility. Key words: Bisphenol A, ascorbic acid, histogenesis, rat, developing testes, prenatal, early postnatal

Changes of Testicular Histogenesis during Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life in Bisphenol A Exposed Rats by Ascorbic Acid

Objectives: In this study we aimed to investigate the conservation of testicular histogenesis in bisphenol A exposed rats by ascorbic acid during prenatal and early postnatal life. Material and Methods: Eight weeks old 15 pregnant rats were divided into 3 groups, each containing 5 rats. Pups were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery. Group A had 15 male rat pups, from 5 pregnant female rats, which were fed on standard diet during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Group B had 15 male rat pups from 5 pregnant female rats which were given 250μg/kg/day Bisphenol A subcutaneously during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Group C had 15 male rat pups from 5 pregnant female rats which were given 250μg/kg/day Bisphenol A subcutaneously and 150mg/kg/day ascorbic acid orally during pregnancy and lactation till day 21. Results: There was significant deterioration of seminiferous tubule and basement membrane regularity with BPA along with detachment of germinal epithelium and cell debris in group B. These parameters were conserved significantly with ascorbic acid in group C. Conclusion: Biphenol A adversely affects histogenesis of testes by causing oxidative stress when given during pregnancy and lactation and ascorbic acid conserves BPA exposed developing testes and may preserve spermatogenesis and male fertility. Key words: Bisphenol A, ascorbic acid, histogenesis, rat, developing testes, prenatal, early postnatal

The Effects Of Simvastatin On Islets Of Langerhans In The Pancreas Of Rats: A Histological And Biochemical Study

Objective: This study explored the effect of simvastatin on the histomorphology of islets of Langerhans, glucose and insulin levels in rats. Study Design: The study was a one-year laboratory-based experimental control trial. Place and duration of study: It was conducted at Army Medical College Rawalpindi, in collaboration with the National Institute of Health Islamabad and Armed Force Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi. Methods: A one-year, laboratory-based, two-group experimental control trial was conducted. Thirty rats were assigned to each group: a control group receiving saline injections, and a simvastatin group receiving a simvastatin 60 mg/kg/day. Histological analysis of pancreatic islets, and measurements of blood glucose and insulin levels were performed. Statistical analysis was conducted using independent sample t-tests, with significance set at p < 0.005. Results: While simvastatin treatment did not affect the number of islets of Langerhans, The area of pancreatic islets of Langerhans was significantly higher in the simvastatin treatment group compared to control (52,664±38,871 μm2 vs 24,643±16,256 μm2, p=0.001). Serum insulin levels were also significantly elevated with simvastatin treatment (21.49±7.03 μIU/ml) compared to control (16.72±5.38 μIU/ml) (p=0.005). There were no significant differences in weekly fasting blood glucose levels at 4 or 12 weeks between groups (p>0.05). These findings suggest potential modulation of pancreatic islet function by simvastatin without affecting glycemic control in this model. Conclusions:  These findings demonstrate that simvastatin treatment significantly impacts the morphology and function of pancreatic islets in rats, increasing insulin secretion without affecting blood glucose levels. Further research is necessary to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and clinical implications of these observations.

Applications of Metformin in Dentistry—A review

الملخص: الميتفورمين دواء متعدد الاستخدامات وله استخدامات عديدة في مجال الطب. في المقام الأول، يُعرف بأنه عقار مضاد لارتفاع سكر الدم، وقد أصبح الدواء الأول عن طريق الفم لخفض نسبة الجلوكوز في الدم لعلاج داء السكري من النوع الثاني على مستوى العالم. توضح الأدبيات الحالية أيضا استخدام الميتفورمين في مجموعة متنوعة من أمراض الفم وطب الأسنان بشكل عام. أفادت التجارب السريرية الحديثة عن فعالية التطبيق الموضعي المساعد للميتفورمين في تحسين معايير اللثة لمرضى السكري المصابين بالتهاب دواعم السن. بالإضافة إلى ذلك، أشارت الدراسات إلى أنه يضفي تمايزا سنيا وكذلك تخليقا معدنيا للخلايا الجذعية في لب الأسنان. كما أنه يحفز تكاثر بانيات العظم ويقلل من نشاط ناقضات العظم مع الميل إلى ممارسة تأثير تجديدي على عظم دواعم السن مما يجعله مرشحا حيويا لتجديد اللثة. كما يعزز العلاج الأحادي بالميتفورمين الاندماج العظمي للغرسات الداخلية بشكل كبير. وذكرت بعض الدراسات أيضا أن له آثارا مضادة للسرطان على سرطان الخلايا الحرشفية عن طريق إعاقة تطور الورم. كما توض1ح بعض الأدبيات أيضا تأثيره الإيجابي في تحسين حركة الأسنان التقويمية ومقاومة تآكل أجهزة تقويم الأسنان في النماذج الحيوانية. تهدف هذه المراجعة السردية الحالية إلى تقديم ملخص حديث للبحوث العلمية حول الاستخدامات المحتملة للميتفورمين فيما يتعلق بمجال طب الأسنان. Abstract: Metformin is a versatile drug with numerous medical uses. It is known primarily as an anti-hyperglycemic drug that has become the main oral blood-glucose-lowering medication for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus globally. Its use has been reported in a variety of oral conditions and dentistry in general. Recent clinical trials have indicated the effectiveness of adjunct topical application of metformin in improving the periodontal parameters of patients with diabetes and periodontitis. Additionally, studies have suggested that metformin stimulates odontogenic differentiation and mineral synthesis of stem cells in the tooth pulp. Metformin also stimulates osteoblast proliferation, decreases osteoclast activity and exerts regenerative effects on periodontal bone, thus making it a viable candidate for periodontal regeneration. Metformin monotherapy significantly enhances osseointegration of endosseous implants and has been reported to have anti-cancer effects on oral squamous cell carcinoma by impeding tumor progression. Animal studies have indicated that metformin improves orthodontic tooth movement and resists orthodontic appliance corrosion. This narrative review aims to provide a current summary of research highlighting the prospective uses of metformin in dentistry