Investigating the Effect of Cognitive Rehabilitation on the Memory Improvement of Patients With Alzheimer

Objectives: Alzheimer is the most prevalent cognitive disturbance with a high spread rate among the elderly. The current research aims to investigate the impact of cognitive rehabilitation on the memory improvement of Alzheimer disease patients. Methods: This was a semi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test designs. The statistical population in Baghdad City, Iraq, in 2021 included 60 patients with Alzheimer and was divided into an experimental (n=30) and a control group (n=30). The patient’s cognitive abilities were assessed before the intervention (pre-test), promptly after the intervention (post-test), and 2 months later (follow-up). The experimental group had twenty-eight 45-min sessions of training based on the Montessori method (2 sessions per week). The data were analyzed via the SPSS software, version 19, using the independent t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance. The results had a P<0.05. Results: The findings of the independent t-test demonstrated no significant difference between the scores of both groups during the pre-test stage (P>0.05); however, the difference was significant during the post-test and follow-up stages (P<0.001). In addition, the findings of the repeated measure analysis of variance indicated a significant difference between both groups’ mean scores in the post-test and follow-up (P<0.001). Discussion: Cognitive rehabilitation can help patients with memory disorders and positively affect their memory performance

Single or combined consumption of resveratrol and the probiotic, Lactobacillus acidophilus attenuate the effects of crowding stress on growth, immune characteristics, and antioxidant defense in the common carp, (Cyprinus carpio)

In the present study, dietary resveratrol (RE) and Lactobacillus acidophilus (LAB) were individually or combined added to the diet of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) to protect against crowding stress. Fish (30.16 ± 0.7; Mean ± SE) were randomly allocated to seven groups in three replicates, as follows: T1: basic food as control, T2: LAB with a concentration of 1.5 × 107 CFU/g, T3: LAB with a concentration of 3 × 107 CFU/g, T4: 300 mg resveratrol/kg, T5: 600 mg resveratrol/kg, and T6: 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and T7: 3 × 107 CFU/g + 600 mg resveratrol/kg. After 60 days feeding, the supplemented fish had the highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), and specific growth rate (SGR), and the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) as compared with the control group (P < 0.05). The activities of amylase, protease and lipase were noticed markedly higher in fish supplemented with 1.5 × 107 CFU/g + 300 mg resveratrol/kg and 1.5 × 107 CFU/g diets compared to the control (P < 0.05). Generally, fish in supplemented diets, particularly T2 and T6 groups, had the highest lysozyme, alternative complement activity (ACH50), total immunoglobulin (Ig), nitroblue tetrazolium test (NBT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), complement component 3 (C3), complement component 4 (C4), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and lower levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), glucose, cortisol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) when were compared with the control before crowding stress (P < 0.05). After crowding stress challenge, fish in the supplemented groups, particularly T2 and T6, generally showed significantly higher values of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and lower levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH when compared with the control (P < 0.05). Also, recovered fish in the control group demonstrated significantly declined levels of lysozyme, ACH50, total Ig, NBT, MPO, C3, C4, SOD, CAT, GPx and higher levels of MDA, glucose, cortisol, ALT, ALP, LDH as compared to other group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a combined administration of RE and LAB effectively improved growth performance and health status as well as protected common carp against crowding stress