The Personality and Activity of A. I. Solzhenitsyn in Estimations of Figures of the Past and Contemporaries

This article is devoted to assessing the identity and work of Solzhenitsyn to accounting and analysis presented in the estimates of figures of the past and contemporaries in literature, journalism and science. Purpose - based on the existing reviews, analytical studies of Solzhenitsyn, to present the most objective characteristic of the personality of the writer and journalist, his goals to which he aspired and pursued in all his works, and the results that he achieved in the end throughout their life. For writing this article the author applied the following methods: comparative (comparison of existing estimates and views of supporters and opponents of Solzhenitsyn with the aim of identifying their similarities, differences, disadvantages), analytic (the desire to identify the causes, the factors that really influenced the whole course of the writer’s life), evolution (an attempt to trace the change and development of new traits in the character of the writer at various stages of his life). The result of this work is to assess both the positive aspects and disadvantages in the life and work of writer and public figure, and the desire to show who considered themselves Solzhenitsyn, and what is actually the purpose in life he sought to achieve. The results of this work allow to develop new theories and to give a completely new direction in the study of the life and work of a brilliant writer and public figure

Standing of Parish Priest and Minor Orders in Russia in 1917 — the 1930th.

This article is devoted to analysis and tries to describe the situation of the parish (white) clergy in Russia in the period from 1917 to 1930-ies of XX century. The aim of the work is based on the study of documents, legal sources, theses, and sources of periodicals to trace the change of position of the clergy, not only in cities but also in rural areas, one of the most difficult periods in the history of the Russian Orthodox Church. For the writing of this article the author used the following methods: system (analysis of the situation of clergy and the development of relations between the clergy and the state in the specified chronological period), the historical-genetic (the desire to identify regularities of change of the social status of the priests and members of clergy in accordance with the constantly changing conditions of life in the country). The result of this work was that the position of the parish clergy, from 1917 until 1941, has undergone drastic changes not only in economic but also in social and ethical terms. The main factors of these changes (and not in a good way) were: a decrease in the number of parishioners and conduct a service, deprivation of state assistance in providing material support to the clergy, restriction of rights, the constant waves of anti-religious campaign and repression. However, despite the tightening of conditions of life, the clergy continued to perform their duty and remained faithful to his Homeland that could not go unnoticed and further leads to the change of relations between the Soviet government and representatives of the clergy, but still with a predominance of anticlerical sentiment in the society until the collapse of the Soviet Union. The results allow drawing attention to one of less studied issues in the history of the life and work of the parish clergy with the possibility of a further examination with the involvement of the instruments of the clergy in exile in Europe and America

Imperial Russian Academy at the End of XVIII — the First Half of the 19th Centuries (to the 235 Anniversary of Establishment of the Russian Academy)

This article is devoted to studying, the analysis and the characteristic of one of the first attempts undertaken in the Russian society of the end of XVIII — the first half of XIX centuries on a problem of preservation and development of language and literary heritage of the Russian Empire at the state level. The purpose of the work — on the basis of the studied sources and research to identify the structure, functions and responsibilities of members of the Academy, to note both the positive features and shortcomings in the activities of the established scientific body of the new model and to emphasize the need to apply its experience in solving a number of issues on the above problem for further work in this direction. In writing the article, the author used the following methods: system (analysis of the structure, duties of members of the Imperial Russian Academy, the results of their activities in this chronological period), historical and genetic (the desire to iden tify the main stages of the development of the Academy and its approaches to the execution of tasks, the purpose and the end result of which changed in accordance with the priorities that the Academy set itself at a certain stage of its existence). The result of this work was that the creation of the Academy was an attempt to show the need to preserve the native language and the creation of works written by its own authors, which in the future could become a very serious support in the field of education, including subsequent generations of the state. The results of the study allow us to draw attention to the need to apply the experience of the Russian Academy of modern power structures and experts of higher education engaged in solving the problems of the use of Russian language’s culture in the context of increasing the impact of technological progress on the development of modern Russian society

Secular Clergy and its Relation to Events of 1917

This article is devoted to the analysis and the characteristics of the position, views and attitude to the events of February - October 1917 the white of the parish clergy still existed in the time period of the Russian Empire. The aim of the work is based on the analysis presented in the research and writings of contemporaries of the events, and modern researchers to provide a General concept of relations and attitudes of the parish clergy to the events in the period of time that they specifically represented, and which ultimately was expected by the clergy and other members of the clergy as a result of what was happening in the country. For the writing of this article the author used the following methods: systematic (review of activities, only the parish clergy from the whole of the clergy, the analysis of the relationship between priests and the higher hierarchies, and authorities of the secular power directly), structural (an attempt to identify specific features of the activities of the secular clergy in the events until the October revolution). The result of this work is the presentation of individual examples of relationships, attitudes, and specific activities of the secular clergy in this period of time, what factors influenced them in the course of events since the beginning of February 1917, which part of the representatives of the aforementioned categories of the clergy showed themselves more actively in the current situation. The results of this work allow us to address the study does not investigate enough problems with mandatory use of sources of archival, historiographer and personal character

Activity of Institute of Book Chamber and its Value in Preservation of Cultural Heritage in XX - the beginning of the XXI century

This article is devoted to the analysis and characterization of the structure and activities of the Institute book chamber in the field of cultural heritage preservation of the former Soviet Union and contemporary Russian Federation in the period of XX - beginning of XXI centuries. The aim of the work is based on the legislative, statistical sources, and periodicals to show the necessity of existence of the institution with the aim of preserving the most valuable sources on history, literature, journalism, music and emphasize the positive results of the activities of the chamber in constantly changing circumstances, including contemporary modernization and use of IT technologies. For the writing of this article the author used the following methods: structural (the desire to present the most important features of reforming of book chambers in certain periods of time), the system (analysis of the activities of the entity, specifically its role in the preservation of information and the works that an integral part of the life and culture of the modern population). The result of this work was that the activity book chamber and remains today as one of the factors that all also required the state and society for further work in the preservation of cultural heritage, because many of the items collected by employees of this establishment for many years, represent a valuable basis and the alternative methods of the European youth education and preserving the national history of Russia. The results allow us to address the study of the history and activities of the Institute book chamber not only in Russia but in other countries, their joint work and projects that will increase the amount of information social, cultural and ethnographic character

Essence of Schism (Old Belief) in Works and Sketches of Priests and Secular Figures of the Second Half of the XIX-XX Centuries

This article is devoted to the study and analysis of one of the most significant movements in the religious and social life of the population of the Russian Empire in the second quarter of the XVII century - old belief taking into account opinions and views of the clergy and secular figures of the second half of the XIX - XX centuries, presented in their works. The aim of the work is based on the analysis of sources and literature containing information about the wing of the old believers in the specified chronological framework in the country’s history, to present the most objective form that represented the split in the second half of XIX - early XX centuries, and to identify a number of characteristic features that distinguish the believers from the whips, the skoptsy, Molokans and other sects. For the writing of this article the author used the following methods: typological (analysis of estimates of the old believers in the writings of the clergy and the secular leaders of that era and the modern period), analytical (the desire to identify a number of factors, of differences, which allow you to make a more clear distinction between the old believers and sectarians), structural (an attempt to identify specific features of the activities performed by the canons and rites, common to all old believers pushing, allowing to present them as a single current of religious thought in the country). The result is identification as a characteristic that separates the believers from heretical teachings, and a number of factors, which conservatives referred to the sects in the modern period of time. The results of this work give a totally new direction in the study of a specified religious movements in Russia’s history when the need for a more detailed account and analysis of negative and positive evaluations of the researchers

Riemann–Hilbert problems, Toeplitz operators and Q-classes

We generalize the notion of Q-classes C(Q1,Q2) , which was introduced in the context of Wiener–Hopf factorization, by considering very general 2 × 2 matrix functions Q1, Q2. This allows us to use a mainly algebraic approach to obtain several equivalent representations for each class, to study the intersections of Q-classes and to explore their close connection with certain non-linear scalar equations. The results are applied to various factorization problems and to the study of Toeplitz operators with symbol in a Q-class. We conclude with a group theoretic interpretation of some of the main results.Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT/Portugal), through Project PTDC/MAT/121837/2010 and Project Est- C/MAT/UI0013/2011. The first author was also supported by the Center for Mathematical Analysis, Geometry, and Dynamical Systems and the second author was also supported by the Centre of Mathematics of the University of Minho through the FEDER Funds Programa Operacional Factores de Competitividade COMPET