Spatial datasets of radionuclide contamination in the Ukrainian Chernobyl Exclusion Zone

The dataset “Spatial datasets of radionuclide contamination in the Ukrainian Chernobyl Exclusion Zone” was developed to enable data collected between May 1986 (immediately after Chernobyl) and 2014 by the Ukrainian Institute of Agricultural Radiology (UIAR) after the Chernobyl accident to be made publicly available. The dataset includes results from comprehensive soil sampling across the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone (CEZ). Analyses include radiocaesium (134Cs and 134Cs) 90Sr, 154Eu and soil property data; plutonium isotope activity concentrations in soil (including distribution in the soil profile); analyses of “hot” (or fuel) particles from the CEZ (data from Poland and across Europe are also included); and results of monitoring in the Ivankov district, a region adjacent to the exclusion zone. The purpose of this paper is to describe the available data and methodology used to obtain them. The data will be valuable to those conducting studies within the CEZ in a number of ways, for instance (i) for helping to perform robust exposure estimates to wildlife, (ii) for predicting comparative activity concentrations of different key radionuclides, (iii) for providing a baseline against which future surveys in the CEZ can be compared, (iv) as a source of information on the behaviour of fuel particles (FPs), (v) for performing retrospective dose assessments and (vi) for assessing natural background dose rates in the CEZ. The CEZ has been proposed as a “radioecological observatory” (i.e. a radioactively contaminated site that will provide a focus for long-term, radioecological collaborative international research). Key to the future success of this concept is open access to data for the CEZ. The data presented here are a first step in this process. The data and supporting documentation are freely available from the Environmental Information Data Centre (EIDC) under the terms and conditions of the Open Government Licence: https://doi.org/10.5285/782ec845-2135-4698-8881-b38823e533bf

Predictors of atrial fibrillation in patients with dualchamber pacemakers

During prospective study the predictors of primary AF incidence were studied in 87 patients (mean age 64,3±10.5 years) with chronic ischemic heart disease after dual chamber pacemakers (DCP) implantation: 39 - with sick sinus syndrome (SSS), 43 - with the atrioventricular block II-III degree (AVB), 5 - with binodal disease. The end point was the primary incidence of sustained paroxysmal AF (>30 seconds). The primary AF development is noted at 16 (18,4%) patients later 10 months after DCP implantation. At comparison of groups with and without AF by means of Stjudents criterion and Fisher's nonparametric criterion the factors associating with AF have been revealed: presence AVB (p=0,004), a male (p=0,01), left atrium dilation (p=0,04), right ventricular stimulation percent >60% (p=0,009), atrial stimulation percent 30 сек. Первичное развитие ФП отмечено у 16 (18,4%) пациентов спустя 10 месяцев после имплантации ЭКС. При сравнении групп с ФП и без ФП с помощью критерия Стъюдента и непараметрического критерия Фишера были выявлены факторы, ассоциирующиеся с ФП: наличие АВБ (р=0,004), мужской пол (р=0,01), дилатация левого предсердия (р=0,04), доля правожелудочковой стимуляции >60% (р=0,009), доля предсердной стимуляции <35% (р=0,04), длительность детектируемой АВ-задержки <180мсек (р=0,03). Методом бинарной логистической регрессии выявлено 2 независимых предиктора ФП: длительность детектируемой АВ-задержки <180 мс и принадлежность к мужскому полу. Наличие в ЭКС алгоритма, способствующего спонтанному АВ проведению, достоверно снижало развитие ФП только при СССУ (р=0,02)

CRYOBALLOON ABLATION IN RUSSIAN SITES OF INTERVENTIONAL ATRIAL FIBRILLATION MANAGEMENT TREATMENT: RESULTS OF THE FIRST NATIONWIDE SURVEY

Aim. The results of cryoballoon ablation (CBA) are known from the studies performed in the experienced centers of catheter treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The current study presents the results of CBA in real practice in centers with various experienceMaterial and methods. Among 62 Russian sites performing catheter treatment of AF, in 15 the CBA methods were in use to isolate pulmonary veins, in the years 2012-2014. Centers staff were surveyed for the detailed description of all performed CBA till 10.2014. The questionnaire included 74 lines about the centers experience, patients properties and ablation procedures, management of patients and complications. At the second step the questionnaire was used about complications.Results. Thirteen centers provided full data on all patients with CBA (457 procedures; 94% for paroxysmal AF; &gt;95% CBAs in Russia). Six centers were marked as highly experienced for CBA for AF (mean 414,2±339,4 ablations for AF per year), and 7 — with lesser experience (33,2±34,3 ablations for AF per year). Ten centers provided the results of 6/12 month observation, and 11 centers — detalization of the complications data. there were no statistically significant differences in arrhythmia absence in patients from both types of centers (61,9±10,0 versus 61,3±30,4%). Serious complications developed in 1,5% of patients (4 tamponades, 2 strokes and 1 diaphragmal nerve palsy) and were similarly spread among more and less experienced centers (1,4% vs. 2%, p&gt;0,05). Minor adverse events (vascular, transient diaphragm nerve palsy, transient hemoptysis) were found in 37 (8%) patients and were more common in more experienced (teaching) centers. Overall frequency of adverse events and of vascular events was higher in females than males (12% and 4,9% vs. 6% and 0%, resp.; p&lt;0,05).Conclusion. In the real clinical practice CBA is performed with acceptable efficacy and moderate frequency of adverse events development. In less experienced centers of catheter treatment of AF the prevalence of serious adverse events does not differ from less experienced. Women develop vascular complications more often

Evaluation of radioecological safety of freshwater reservoirs of Ukraine during late phase of ChNPP accident

Problems of radioecological safety of freshwater reservoirs contaminated with 137Cs and 90Sr concerning the scenario of fish breeding, fishery and unprofessional anglers activity at the late phase of ChNPP accident has considered. Generalized statistical dependences of equilibrium accumulation coefficients of 137Cs and 90Sr de-pending on Calcium concentration in reservoirs water were shown. Methodology of estimation of radioecological safety of freshwater reservoirs as the source of fish for human diet has proposed, its practical realization has tested

Mathematical modelling of dynamics of 90Sr and 137Cs migration in components of agrocenosises soil-plant cover at the late phase of radiation accident.

Mathematical model for prediction of dynamics of 90Sr and 137Cs accumulation by perennial cereal grasses from contrasted by properties soils at the late phase of radiation accident was verified. Results of the model testing has shown the possibility of accountability of the role of processes, which predetermined the dynamics of radionuclides accumulation by plants (90Sr and 137Cs carry-over from root-inhabited soil layer, its immobilization and physical decay). Prediction assessments of 90Sr and 137Cs accumulation by perennial cereal grasses from contrasted by properties soils at the late phase of radiation accident was calculated with the use of realized in the model approaches

Mathematical modelling of dynamics of 90Sr and 137Cs migration in components of agrocenosises soil-plant cover at the late phase of radiation accident. I. Construction of the model and its parametrization

Mathematical models aiming to predict 90Sr and 137Cs accumulation dynamics in perennial cereal grasses from the soils, contrasted by properties, at the late phase of the radiation accident were elaborated and parameterized. The obtained models permit to account a role of the processes determining dynamics of radionuclides intake in plants (90Sr and 137Cs carry-over from the root-inhabited layer of soil, its immobilization and physical decay)

Assessing the need for countermeasures for rehabilitation of farmlands, contaminated by heavy natural radionuclides

Mentioned research is about the intake of heavy natural radionuclides (210Pb, 210Ро, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U) in human body with food and water. The methodology is proposed for evaluating the need for rehabilitation in affected areas

Decision making algorithm of the rehabilitation of agricultural lands contaminated with heavy natural radionuclides

Problem of rehabilitation of agricultural land contaminated with heavy natural radionuclides (210Pb, 210Ро, 226Ra, 232Th, 238U) was considered. Algorithm of decision making support on advisability of rehabilitation of mentioned land was suggested. Proposed algorithm was tested on the base of agricultural farmlands located in the affected zone of Pridneprovsky Chemicals Plant and its tailing dumps

Optimization of radiation monitoring of agricultural products and lands

General methodology of optimization of the number of samples and subsamples for measurements, collected during monitoring, was presented. The methods of calculating of the required number of samples, which provides specified accuracy of radionuclides contamination values of controlled objects was proposed. Maximum value of radionuclide activity measurement uncertainty of a single sample, which has not significant effect on the accuracy of the median of radionuclide contamination value of the controlled object, was estimated

Assessment of weather conditions on the radioactive aerosol characteristics in the ventilation system "Bypass" of the object "Ukryttya" during the period of 2003 - 2012 years

Quantitative results of the statistical analysis of the impact of weather conditions (temperature and humidity of air, speed and direction of wind) near ChNPP on the characteristics of radioactive aerosols in the ventilation system “Bypass” has been presented. It is shown that the accounting of weather conditions allows explaining to 20 % of observed variability of these characteristics. It testifies to existence of additional factors of influencing on dynamic characteristics of the radioactive aerosol in the “Bypass” system